scholarly journals Ready or Not, Garlic Mustard Is Moving In: Alliaria petiolata as a Member of Eastern North American Forests

BioScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki L. Rodgers ◽  
Kristina A. Stinson ◽  
Adrien C. Finzi
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Garlic Mustard

A Powdery Mildew Fungus Levels the Playing Field for Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and a North American Native Plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Cipollini ◽  
Stephanie Enright
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
North American ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Seed Output ◽  
Aboveground Growth

AbstractWhen exposed to native or introduced herbivores and pathogens, invasive plants may become weaker competitors with more benign impacts on individual plants and plant communities. In a greenhouse pot study, we tested whether the presence of powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum could alter the competitive impact of garlic mustard on Impatiens pallida, a North American native understory plant. Target I. pallida plants were grown alone or with one, two, or three garlic mustard neighbors. Half of the pots exposed to garlic mustard were inoculated with conidia of E. cruciferarum. Competition with garlic mustard moderately affected aboveground growth of I. pallida, particularly at high garlic mustard density, but it strongly reduced seed output across all densities. In contrast, inoculation of garlic mustard plants with E. cruciferarum completely abolished their competitive impact on seed output of I. pallida across all densities, independent of effects on aboveground growth of target plants. This effect was likely due to alteration in the ability of garlic mustard to compete for belowground resources. Even without killing garlic mustard, these results indicate that the presence of powdery mildew disease in the field will likely dampen the competitive impact of garlic mustard on individual plants and plant communities. Escape from such attackers has likely contributed to the invasiveness and impacts of garlic mustard in North America.

scholarly journals Do applications of systemic herbicides when green fruit are present prevent seed production or viability of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Leo Roth ◽  
José Luiz C. S. Dias ◽  
Christopher Evans ◽  
Kevin Rohling ◽  
Mark Renz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Second Year

Garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande] is a biennial invasive plant commonly found in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Although it is not recommended to apply herbicides after flowering, land managers frequently desire to conduct management during this timing. We applied glyphosate and triclopyr (3% v/v and 1% v/v using 31.8% and 39.8% acid equivalent formulations, respectively) postemergence to established, second-year A. petiolata populations at three locations when petals were dehiscing, and evaluated control, seed production and seed viability. Postemergence glyphosate applications at this timing provided 100% control of A. petiolata by 4 weeks after treatment at all locations whereas triclopyr efficacy was variable, providing 38-62% control. Seed production was only reduced at one location, with similar results regardless of treatment. Percent seed viability was also reduced, and when combined with reductions in seed production, we found a 71-99% reduction in number of viable seed produced plant-1 regardless of treatment. While applications did not eliminate viable seed production, our findings indicate that glyphosate and triclopyr applied while petals were dehiscing is a viable alternative to cutting or hand-pulling at this timing as it substantially decreased viable A. petiolata seed production. Management Implications Postemergence glyphosate and triclopyr applications in the early spring to rosettes are standard treatments used to manage A. petiolata. However, weather and other priorities limit the window for management, forcing field practitioners to utilize more labor-intensive methods such as hand-pulling. It is not known how late in the development of A. petiolata these herbicides can be applied to prevent viable seed production. Since prevention of soil seedbank replenishment is a key management factor for effective long-term control of biennial invasive species, we hypothesized late spring foliar herbicide applications to second year A. petiolata plants when flower petals were dehiscing could be an effective management tool if seed production or viability is eliminated. Our study indicated that glyphosate applications at this timing provided 100% control of A. petiolata plants by 4 weeks after treatment at all locations, whereas triclopyr efficacy was inconsistent. Although both glyphosate and triclopyr decreased viable seed production to nearly zero at one of our three study locations, the same treatments produced significant amounts of viable seed at the other two locations. Our findings suggest late spring glyphosate and triclopyr applications should not be recommended over early spring applications to rosettes for A. petiolata management, as our late spring application timing did not prevent viable seed production, and may require multiple years of implementation to eradicate populations. Nonetheless, this application timing holds value in areas devoid of desirable understory vegetation compared to no management practices or mechanical management options including hand-pulling when fruit are present, as overall viable seed production was reduced to similar levels as these treatments.

How novel are the chemical weapons of garlic mustard in North American forest understories?

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3465-3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kathryn Barto ◽  
Jeff R. Powell ◽  
Don Cipollini
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Garlic Mustard

Variable patterns of seed maturation and abortion in Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Susko ◽  
Lesley Lovett-Doust
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Mature Seeds

We investigated variation in ovule development within and among fruits in garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande. Individuals were sampled at 14 sites in North America. On average, 94% of ovules showed evidence of fertilization and development. The majority of ovules (mean 68%; range 53.2-82.5%) reached seed maturity. Patterns of seed maturation and abortion varied nonrandomly within and among fruits. In sites in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ontario, resource limitation seemed to be an important determinant of seed production, as fruits initiated nearest the base of an infructescence were significantly more likely to produce mature seeds than distally located fruits. Also the probability of seed maturation within individual fruits decreased significantly from the pedicellar to the stylar ends. In contrast, for individuals from Ohio sites, the probability of maturing seeds was greatest for centrally located fruits within an infructescence as well as for centrally located ovules within fruits, indicating a greater influence of pollen limitation in addition to resource limitation. We conclude that it could be misleading to infer traits of a species as a whole based on observed patterns of seed maturation in a single site or region. Rather such patterns may reflect prevailing conditions and selection pressures at a local, or regional, scale.Key words: Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae, garlic mustard, ovule abortion, seed maturation, patterns.

scholarly journals (83) New Weed Problems in Midwest Turfgrass and Horticultural Crops

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041C-1041
Author(s):  
Pamela B. Trewatha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Weeds Control

Through contacts, observations, and travel throughout the midwestern United States during Spring and Summer 2004, a number of weed species were noted to be relatively new problems, or growing problems in turfgrass and/or horticultural cropping situations. These include hophornbeam copperleaf (Acalyphaostryifolia), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthuspalmeri), waterhemp species (Amaranthus spp.), biennial wormwood (Artemisiabiennis), lambsquarters complex species (Chenopodium spp.), windmillgrass (Chlorisverticillata), showy chloris (Chlorisvirgata), Asiatic dayflower (Commelinacommunis), horseweed (Conyzacanadensis), redstem filaree (Erodiumcicutarium), toothed spurge (Euphorbia dentata), dovefoot geranium (Geranium molle), pitted morningglory (Ipomoealacunosa), purple deadnettle (Lamium purpureum), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotuscorniculatus), roundleaf mallow (Malvarotundifolia), star-of-bethlehem (Ornithogalumumbellatum), cressleaf groundsel (Packeraglabella), striate knotweed (Polygonum erecta), creeping yellow fieldcress (Rorippa sylvestris), lanceleaf sage (Salviareflexa), sibara (Sibaravirginica), white campion (Silene latifolia ssp. alba), hairy nightshade (Solanumphysalifoium), spiny sowthistle (Sonchusasper), and others. Possibilities for this increase or spread include natural invasiveness of the weeds, control of previous weed competitors, resistance to widely used herbicides, changes in cropping practices, and other weed adaptations to current weed management methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Removal of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaeae) on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculum Potential in Forest Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger C. Anderson ◽  
M. Rebecca Anderson ◽  
Jonathan T. Bauer ◽  
Mitchell Slater ◽  
Jamie Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Garlic Mustard
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