FELINE CORONAVIRUS AND FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS IN NONDOMESTIC FELID SPECIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Stout ◽  
Nicole M. André ◽  
Gary R. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Feline Coronavirus ◽  
Felid Species

scholarly journals Subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis in a Siberian cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692094147
Author(s):  
Christopher Hoey ◽  
George Nye ◽  
Angela Fadda ◽  
Janet Bradshaw ◽  
Emi N Barker
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Choroid Plexitis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Case summary A 7-month-old Siberian cat was presented for investigation of acute onset multifocal neurological deficits. Neurological examination documented dull mental status and an ambulatory left hemiparesis. Serum biochemistry documented marked hyperglobulinaemia. MRI of the brain identified marked leptomeningeal contrast enhancement extending along the brainstem caudally to involve the cranial cervical spinal cord. MRI of the cervical spine further identified a subarachnoid diverticulum that extended from the level of the obex to the C2–C3 vertebrae. Cerebrospinal fluid quantitative RT-PCR was positive for the presence of feline coronavirus. Histopathology revealed pyogranulomatous meningitis and choroid plexitis, uveitis and nephritis. Relevance and novel information This article describes the first reported case of a subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of the neuropathology and diagnosis of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Rissi
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important viral diseases of cats worldwide. Our study describes the neuropathology and the diagnostic features of 26 cases of FIP in domestic cats. The average age of affected individuals was 11.8 mo, and there was no sex or breed predisposition. Clinical neurologic signs were noted in 22 cases, and rabies was clinically suspected in 11 cases. Twenty cats had lesions in multiple organs, and 6 cats had lesions only in the brain. Gross neuropathologic changes occurred in 15 cases and consisted of hydrocephalus (10 cases), cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum (6 cases), cerebral swelling with flattening of gyri (2 cases), and accumulation of fibrin within ventricles (2 cases) or leptomeninges (1 case). Histologically, 3 main distinct distributions of neuropathologic changes were observed, namely periventricular encephalitis (12 cases), rhombencephalitis (8 cases), and diffuse leptomeningitis with superficial encephalitis (6 cases). Fresh tissue samples were submitted for fluorescent antibody testing (FAT) after autopsy in 17 cases, and positive results were found in only 7 cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for feline coronavirus confirmed the diagnosis in all 26 cases. IHC appears to be a more sensitive and reliable test for confirmation of FIP than is FAT.

scholarly journals Rapid Resolution of Non-Effusive Feline Infectious Peritonitis Uveitis with an Oral Adenosine Nucleoside Analogue and Feline Interferon Omega

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Diane Addie ◽  
Johanna Covell-Ritchie ◽  
Oswald Jarrett ◽  
Mark Fosbery
Keyword(s):  
Nucleoside Analogue ◽  
Prednisolone Acetate ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Keratic Precipitates ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

This is the first report of a successful treatment of a non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) uveitis case using an oral adenosine nucleoside analogue drug and feline interferon omega, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) as an indicator of recovery. A 2-year-old male neutered Norwegian Forest Cat presented with uveitis, keratic precipitates, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and weight loss. The cat was hypergammaglobulinaemic and had a non-regenerative anaemia. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA was detected in a mesenteric lymph node fine-needle aspirate by a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction—non-effusive FIP was diagnosed. Prednisolone acetate eye drops were administered three times daily for 2 weeks. Oral adenosine nucleoside analogue (Mutian) treatment started. Within 50 days of Mutian treatment, the cat had gained over one kilogram in weight, his globulin level reduced from 77 to 51 g/L and his haematocrit increased from 22 to 35%; his uveitis resolved and his sight improved. Serum AGP level reduced from 3100 to 400 μg/mL (within normal limits). Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) was above normal at 28 μg/dL, reducing to 14 μg/dL on the cessation of treatment; whether the SDMA increase was due to FIP lesions in the kidney or Mutian is unknown. Mutian treatment stopped and low-dose oral recombinant feline interferon omega begun—the cat’s recovery continued.

scholarly journals Characterization of amino acid substitutions in feline coronavirus 3C-like protease from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis treated with a protease inhibitor

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 108398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishani Dinali Perera ◽  
Athri D. Rathnayake ◽  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
Niels C. Pedersen ◽  
William C. Groutas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

scholarly journals Feline Infectious Peritonitis as a Systemic Inflammatory Disease: Contribution of Liver and Heart to the Pathogenesis

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J Malbon ◽  
Sonja Fonfara ◽  
Marina L Meli ◽  
Shelley Hahn ◽  
Herman Egberink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal immune-mediated disease of cats, induced by feline coronavirus (FCoV). A combination of as yet poorly understood host and viral factors combine to cause a minority of FCoV-infected cats to develop FIP. Clinicopathological features include fever, vasculitis, and serositis, with or without effusions; all of which indicate a pro-inflammatory state with cytokine release. As a result, primary immune organs, as well as circulating leukocytes, have thus far been of most interest in previous studies to determine the likely sources of these cytokines. Results have suggested that these tissues alone may not be sufficient to induce the observed inflammation. The current study therefore focussed on the liver and heart, organs with a demonstrated ability to produce cytokines and therefore with huge potential to exacerbate inflammatory processes. The IL-12:IL-10 ratio, a marker of the immune system’s inflammatory balance, was skewed towards the pro-inflammatory IL-12 in the liver of cats with FIP. Both organs were found to upregulate mRNA expression of the inflammatory triad of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in FIP. This amplifying step may be one of the missing links in the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease.

scholarly journals Feline coronavirus drug inhibits the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks virus replication

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Vuong ◽  
Muhammad Bashir Khan ◽  
Conrad Fischer ◽  
Elena Arutyunova ◽  
Tess Lamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Reversible Formation ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Abstract The main protease, Mpro (or 3CLpro) in SARS-CoV-2 is a viable drug target because of its essential role in the cleavage of the virus polypeptide. Feline infectious peritonitis, a fatal coronavirus infection in cats, was successfully treated previously with a prodrug GC376, a dipeptide-based protease inhibitor. Here, we show the prodrug and its parent GC373, are effective inhibitors of the Mpro from both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with these inhibitors have a covalent modification of the nucleophilic Cys145. NMR analysis reveals that inhibition proceeds via reversible formation of a hemithioacetal. GC373 and GC376 are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture. They are strong drug candidates for the treatment of human coronavirus infections because they have already been successful in animals. The work here lays the framework for their use in human trials for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Antiviral Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Type I Interferon on In Vitro Fatal Feline Coronavirus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Takano ◽  
Kumi Satoh ◽  
Tomoyoshi Doki ◽  
Taishi Tanabe ◽  
Tsutomu Hohdatsu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease with a high morbidity and mortality by the FIP virus (FIPV, virulent feline coronavirus). Several antiviral drugs for FIP have been identified, but many of these are expensive and not available in veterinary medicine. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a drug approved by several countries to treat malaria and immune-mediated diseases in humans, and its antiviral effects on other viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus) have been confirmed. We investigated whether HCQ in association with interferon-ω (IFN-ω) is effective for FIPV in vitro. A total of 100 μM of HCQ significantly inhibited the replication of types I and II FIPV. Interestingly, the combination of 100 μM of HCQ and 104 U/mL of recombinant feline IFN-ω (rfIFN-ω, veterinary registered drug) increased its antiviral activity against type I FIPV infection. Our study suggested that HCQ and rfIFN-ω are applicable for treatment of FIP. Further clinical studies are needed to verify the combination of HCQ and rIFN-ω will be effective and safe treatment for cats with FIP.

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