The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N7) Virus Epidemic in the Netherlands in 2003—Lessons Learned from the First Five Outbreaks

10.1637/7149 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R W. Elbers ◽  
T. H F. Fabri ◽  
T. S. de Vries ◽  
J. J. de Wit ◽  
A. Pijpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Deaths among Wild Birds during Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Outbreak, the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Kleyheeg ◽  
Roy Slaterus ◽  
Rogier Bodewes ◽  
Jolianne M. Rijks ◽  
Marcel A.H. Spierenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n8 Virus

scholarly journals Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in the Netherlands, December 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Beerens ◽  
Guus Koch ◽  
Rene Heutink ◽  
Frank Harders ◽  
D.P. Edwin Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Multiple Reassorted Viruses as Cause of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Epidemic, the Netherlands, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1974-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Beerens ◽  
Rene Heutink ◽  
Saskia A. Bergervoet ◽  
Frank Harders ◽  
Alex Bossers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n8 Virus

Pathology and Virus Distribution in Chickens Naturally Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H7N7) During the 2003 Outbreak in The Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van Riel ◽  
J. M. A. Van Den Brand ◽  
V. J. Munster ◽  
T. M. Besteboer ◽  
R. A. M. Fouchier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

The largest recorded outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype H7N7 occurred in the Netherlands in 2003. We describe the immunohistochemical and histopathologic findings of 3 chickens naturally infected during this outbreak. Influenza virus antigen occurred in endothelial cells and mononuclear cells of all tissues examined and occurred in parenchymal cells of heart, lung, kidney, pancreas, and trachea, often associated with multifocal inflammation and necrosis. These findings are consistent with the acute stage of highly pathogenic avian influenza from other subtypes. In the severely edematous wattle skin, most endothelial cells contained virus antigen, while in all other tissues virus antigen was only detected in a few endothelial cells. Virus histochemistry showed that this H7N7 virus attached to more endothelial cells in wattle skin than in other vascular beds. This might explain, at least partly, the tropism of the virus and the associated severity of lesions in this tissue.

scholarly journals Incursion of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, the Netherlands, October 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1750-1753
Author(s):  
Nancy Beerens ◽  
Rene Heutink ◽  
Frank Harders ◽  
Marit Roose ◽  
Sylvia B.E. Pritz-Verschuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n8 Virus

scholarly journals Study shows high level of avian to human transmission of influenza A (H7N7) during outbreak in the Netherlands 2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
N L Goddard
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
High Level

A report on the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) (H7N7) outbreak that occurred in the Netherlands in 2003 has been published.

scholarly journals Outbreak Severity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Is Inversely Correlated to Polymerase Complex Activity and Interferon Induction

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
René M. Vigeveno ◽  
Marjolein J. Poen ◽  
Edyth Parker ◽  
Melle Holwerda ◽  
Karen de Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Polymerase Complex ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses first emerged in China in 2010 and in 2014 spread throughout Asia and to Europe and the United States via migrating birds. Influenza A(H5N8) viruses were first detected in the Netherlands in 2014 and caused five outbreaks in poultry farms but were infrequently detected in wild birds. In 2016, influenza A(H5N8) viruses were reintroduced into the Netherlands, resulting in eight poultry farm outbreaks. This outbreak resulted in numerous dead wild birds with severe pathology. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the polymerase genes of these viruses had undergone extensive reassortment between outbreaks. Here, we investigated the differences in virulence between the 2014-15 and the 2016-17 outbreaks by characterizing the polymerase complex of influenza A(H5N8) viruses from both outbreaks. We found that viruses from the 2014-15 outbreak had significantly higher polymerase complex activity in both human and avian cell lines than did those from the 2016-17 outbreak. No apparent differences in the balance between transcription and replication of the viral genome were observed. Interestingly, the 2014-15 polymerase complexes induced significantly higher levels of interferon beta (IFN-β) than the polymerase complexes of the 2016-17 outbreak viruses, mediated via retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). Inoculation of primary duck cells with recombinant influenza A(H5N8) viruses, including viruses with reassorted polymerase complexes, showed that the polymerase complexes from the 2014-15 outbreak induced higher levels of IFN-β despite relatively minor differences in replication capacity. Together, these data suggest that despite the lower levels of polymerase activity, the higher 2016-17 influenza A(H5N8) virus virulence may be attributed to the lower level of activation of the innate immune system. IMPORTANCE Compared to the 2014-15 outbreak, the 2016-17 outbreak of influenza A(H5N8) viruses in the Netherlands and Europe was more virulent; the number of dead or diseased wild birds found and the severity of pathological changes were higher during the 2016-17 outbreak. The polymerase complex plays an important role in influenza virus virulence, and the gene segments of influenza A(H5N8) viruses reassorted extensively between the outbreaks. In this study, the 2014-15 polymerase complexes were found to be more active, which is counterintuitive with the observed higher virulence of the 2016-17 outbreak viruses. Interestingly, the 2014-15 polymerase complexes also induced higher levels of IFN-β. These findings suggest that the higher virulence of influenza A(H5N8) viruses from the 2016-17 outbreak may be related to the lower induction of IFN-β. An attenuated interferon response could lead to increased dissemination, pathology, and mortality, as observed in (wild) birds infected during the 2016-2017 outbreak.

scholarly journals Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Wild Red Foxes, the Netherlands, 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2960-2962
Author(s):  
Jolianne M. Rijks ◽  
Hanna Hesselink ◽  
Pim Lollinga ◽  
Renee Wesselman ◽  
Pier Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza
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