scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED PREDATION RISK ON MALE COURTSHIP AND COPULATORY BEHAVIOR IN THE WOLF SPIDER PARDOSA MILVINA (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham R. Taylor ◽  
Matthew H. Persons ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Pardosa Milvina ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk

The wolf spider Pardosa milvina detects predator threat level using only vibratory cues

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Sitvarin ◽  
Shira D. Gordon ◽  
George W. Uetz ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Predator Cues ◽  
Pardosa Milvina ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Predator Threat

Predators may inadvertently signal their presence and threat level by way of signals in multiple modalities. We used a spider, Pardosa milvina, known to respond adaptively to chemotactile predator cues (i.e., silk, faeces and other excreta) to evaluate whether it could also discriminate predation risk from isolated vibratory cues. Vibrations from its prey, conspecifics, and predators (Tigrosa helluo and Scarites quadriceps) were recorded and played back to Pardosa. In addition, we recorded predator vibrations with and without access to chemotactile cues from Pardosa, indicating the presence of prey. Pardosa did not appear to discriminate between vibrations from prey or conspecifics, but the response to predators depended on the presence of cues from Pardosa. Vibrations from predators with access to chemotactile cues from prey induced reductions in Pardosa activity. Predator cues typically occur in multiple modalities, but prey are capable of imperfectly evaluating predation risk using a limited subset of information.

scholarly journals The effects of predation risk on female silk deposition and male response to predator-cued conspecifics in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Sweger ◽  
Michael Marr ◽  
Adam Satteson ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra ◽  
Matthew H. Persons
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Pardosa Milvina

scholarly journals Detection of predator cues alters mating tactics in male wolf spiders

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Wilgers ◽  
Daniel Wickwire ◽  
Eileen A. Hebets
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Mating Tactic ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Courtship Activity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk

Males of the wolf spider, Rabidosa punctulata, exhibit condition-dependent alternative mating tactics, whereby small, poor condition males engage in multimodal courtship while large, good condition males adopt a direct mount tactic that forgoes courtship. This study explores the possibility that tactic-specific costs can help explain this unintuitive pattern of mating tactic expression. Specifically, we hypothesize that courtship signaling is costly with respect to eavesdropping by predators and that males can alter their tactic expression based upon the perceived environmental predation risk. We test this by first examining the risk of predation associated with different mating tactics. We use a co-occurring predatory heterospecific, R. rabida as our predator. We found support for the prediction that courting R. punctulata males tended to be attacked more often than non-courting males, and the likelihood of being attacked was best predicted by courtship activity. Given this documented cost, we hypothesized that R. punctulata males would adjust their mating tactic based upon perceived predation risk. In a second experiment, we manipulated perceived predation risk by providing R. punctulata males with different female silk cues (conspecific; predatory heterospecific; conspecific + predatory heterospecific) and examined mating tactic expression. In support of our hypothesis, males were more likely to adopt the direct mount tactic in the presence of predatory heterospecific or mixed silk cues and were more likely to court in the presence of conspecific cues. These results support the hypothesis that the cost of predation from eavesdroppers may influence the evolution and expression of male alternative mating tactics in R. punctulata.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF MOISTURE AND HEAT ON THE EFFICACY OF CHEMICAL CUES USED IN PREDATOR DETECTION BY THE WOLF SPIDER PARDOSA MILVINA (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Wilder ◽  
Jill DeVito ◽  
Matthew H. Persons ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Pardosa Milvina

Perceived predation risk, parasitism, and the foraging behavior of a freshwater snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1878-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P Levri
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Predator ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk

Foraging behavior can be influenced by such factors as predation risk, individual size, and parasite infection. Snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) placed in tanks with large rocks were exposed to four types of water: (1) water with crushed snails, (2) water from a tank in which fish (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) were fed only trout chow, (3) water from a tank where the fish were also fed snails, and (4) plain water. Snails could respond by moving to the top of rocks (where algal food was present) or to the bottom of rocks (where the predation risk was lower). The snails responded to fish chemicals by moving to the bottom of rocks. The response was dependent on snail size and fish diet. Smaller snails moved to the bottom of rocks more than larger snails did. Trematode-infected snails were found on top of the rocks more than other classes of snails, but infected snails still moved to the bottom of rocks in response to the fish predator. Snails eaten by fish in the field tend to be smaller than snails in the overall available population. Thus, snails that are more vulnerable to predation respond more intensely to the odor of fish by moving to the bottom of rocks. This size-dependent response to fish appears to be independent of the occurrence of trematode infection.

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