scholarly journals Ant mimicry in the spiderMyrmecotypus iguazu(Araneae: Corinnidae), with notes about myrmecomorphy in spiders

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo D. Rubio ◽  
Manuel O. Arbino ◽  
Paula E. Cushing
Keyword(s):  
Ant Mimicry

scholarly journals A Predator's Perspective of the Accuracy of Ant Mimicry in Spiders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Batesian Mimicry ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Oecophylla Smaragdina ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Ant Mimicry ◽  
Signal Accuracy

Among spiders, resemblance of ants (myrmecomorphy) usually involves the Batesian mimicry, in which the spider coopts the morphological and behavioural characteristics of ants to deceive ant-averse predators. Nevertheless, the degree of resemblance between mimics and ants varies considerably. I usedPortia fimbriata,a jumping spider (Salticidae) with exceptional eyesight that specialises on preying on salticids, to test predator perception of the accuracy of ant mimicry.Portia fimbriata’s response to ants (Oecophylla smaragdina), accurate ant-like salticids (Synageles occidentalis), and inaccurate ant-like salticids (females ofMyrmarachne bakeriand sexually dimorphic males ofM. bakeri, which have enlarged chelicerae) was assessed.Portia fimbriataexhibited graded aversion in accordance with the accuracy of resemblance to ants (O. smaragdina>S. occidentalis> femaleM. bakeri> maleM. bakeri). These results support the hypothesis that ant resemblance confers protection from visual predators, but to varying degrees depending on signal accuracy.

scholarly journals Franklinothrips; a pantropical Thysanoptera genus of ant-mimicking obligate predators (Aeolothripidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 864 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE A. MOUND ◽  
PHILIPPE REYNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Ant Mimicry ◽  
First Time

The Aeolothripidae genus Franklinothrips Back is redefined with a key provided to the 14 species recognised worldwide, of which F. brunneicornis from New Caledonia and F. strasseni from Nepal are described as new. Most of the species appear to be bisexual and localised in distribution, but F. vespiformis is usually unisexual and is found in many tropical countries, here being recorded from Australia for the first time. All of the species are probably predatory, as adults and larvae, three species having been promoted as biological control agents against pest thrips in European greenhouses. Comments are given on predation and ant-mimicry amongst Aeolothripidae.

Structural features and life habits of †Alienoptera (Polyneoptera, Dictyoptera, Insecta)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN WIPFLER ◽  
PETR KOČÁREK ◽  
ADRIAN RICHTER ◽  
BRENDON BOUDINOT ◽  
MING BAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Pollen Feeding ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Ant Mimicry

Structural features and life habits of described species of the extinct †Alienoptera are evaluated based on previously published studies on the group. Head structures and feedings habits are addressed, as are the locomotor organs, especially the wings and adhesive devices. Suggested pollen feeding habits and the possible role as pollinators are discussed, as well as hypothesized ant and wasp mimicry and myrmecophily. Species of †Alienoptera were likely predators, in the case of †Caputoraptor elegans Bai, Beutel et Wipfler, 2018 with a unique cephalo-prothoracic prey grasping mechanism. They were likely strong fliers with anatomical dipterism with functional hind wings. Wing joints protected by scale-like sclerotized fore wings probably allowed them to move very efficiently in dense foliage of trees or shrubs and to prey upon smaller insects. Ant mimicry, myrmecophily and “weevil mimicry” are rejected. †Meilia Vršanský et Wang, 2018 is a possible case of wasp mimicry but more evidence is required. Other suggested cases of mimicking wasps are unfounded.

OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOUR OF APHIDIINE WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE, APHIDIINAE): MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS AND EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Völkl ◽  
Manfred Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Time Behaviour ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Chemical Camouflage ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Ant Mimicry

AbstractWe examined oviposition behaviour in 49 species representing 19 genera of Aphidiinae. All species are solitary parasitoids of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). Six general types are described that differ in oviposition time, behaviour, and morphology. The Ephedrini have the least specialized oviposition behaviour within the subfamily, with Praini and Aphidiini displaying various adaptations for host capture and oviposition. Use of the forelegs to grasp and orient aphids for oviposition has arisen twice, in Praini and, independently, in the genus Monoctonus Haliday (Aphidiini: Monoctonina). Morphological modifications of the terminal abdominal segments for host capture are found in Trioxina and in several species of Pauesia Quilis (Aphidiina). A “quick” sting is characteristic of species in the genus Aphidius Nees and related genera. The greatest degree of behavioural diversification occurred among Pauesia species, including cryptic behaviour, ant mimicry, and “sneak” oviposition. Acquired chemical camouflage and mimicry of the host’s cuticular hydrocarbon pattern to avoid detection by guarding ants is found in Aclitus obscuripennis Foerster, the genus Paralipsis Foerster, and the two closely related genera Adialytus Foerster and Lysiphlebus Foerster. It is suggested that the main driving forces in the evolution of parasitoid oviposition behaviour were aphid defensive behaviour and avoidance of aggression by trophobiotic ants. The results are compared with phylogenetic relationships inferred from morphological and molecular data.

Spatiator martensi n. sp., a second species of the extinct spider family Spatiatoridae in Eocene Baltic amber (Araneae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1325 (1) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÖRG WUNDERLICH
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Ant Mimicry

Spatiator martensi n. sp. (Araneae: Spatiatoridae) is described from the Early Tertiary Baltic amber forest. It is the second known species of this extinct family of spiders. Ants as syninclusions point to a possible ant mimicry or myrmecophagy.

scholarly journals Constraints on the jumping and prey-capture abilities of ant-mimicking spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Myrmarachne)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Hashimoto ◽  
Tomoji Endo ◽  
Takeshi Yamasaki ◽  
Fujio Hyodo ◽  
Takao Itioka
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
Ant Mimicry ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Malaysian Borneo ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Abstract Accurate morphological ant mimicry by Myrmarachne jumping spiders confers strong protective benefits against predators. However, it has been hypothesized that the slender and constricted ant-like appearance imposes costs on the hunting ability because their jumping power to capture prey is obtained from hydraulic pressure in their bodies. This hypothesis remains to be sufficiently investigated. We compared the jumping and prey-capture abilities of seven Myrmarachne species and non-myrmecomorphic salticids collected from tropical forests in Malaysian Borneo and northeastern Thailand. We found that the mimics had significantly reduced abilities compared with the non-mimics. The analysis using geometric morphometric techniques revealed that the reduced abilities were strongly associated with the morphological traits for ant mimicry and relatively lower abilities were found in Myrmarachne species with a more narrowed form. These results support the hypothesis that the jumping ability to capture prey is constrained by the morphological mimicry and provide a new insight into understanding the evolutionary costs of accurate mimicry.

Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical ant-like spiders: Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. from Bolivian Chiquitano forest, a new country record for M. niger, and indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4790 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT PERGER ◽  
GONZALO D. RUBIO
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ant Mimicry ◽  
Camponotus Crassus ◽  
First Time

Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. is described from the Bolivian Chiquitano forest, and M. niger Chickering, 1937 is recorded from Bolivia for the first time. The morphological differentiation among the closely related M. tahyinandu sp. n. and M. iguazu Rubio & Arbino, 2009 is likely attributable to the selection for specific ant mimicry. Adults of M. tahyinandu sp. n. are accurate mimics of the ant Camponotus crassus Mayr, 1862, M. iguazu of C. sericeiventris (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), and M. niger of Dolichoderus bispinosus (Olivier, 1792). This study is the first to identify ant models for morphologically closely related Castianeirinae, providing a promising starting point for future research on ant mimicry. 

scholarly journals Ant Mimicry by an Aphid Parasitoid,Lysiphlebus fabarum

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (126) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Rasekh ◽  
J.P. Michaud ◽  
Aziz Kharazi-Pakdel ◽  
Hossein Allahyari
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Ant Mimicry
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