scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of Systemic Delivery of Neural Precursor Cells to the Brain: Assembly of Brain Endothelial Apical Cups and Control of Transmigration by CD44

Stem Cells ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Rampon ◽  
Nicolas Weiss ◽  
Cyrille Deboux ◽  
Nathalie Chaverot ◽  
Florence Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals BDNF Increases Survival and Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neural Precursor Cells Cotransplanted with a Nanofiber Gel to the Auditory Nerve in a Rat Model of Neuronal Damage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jiao ◽  
Björn Palmgren ◽  
Ekaterina Novozhilova ◽  
Ulrica Englund Johansson ◽  
Anne L. Spieles-Engemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Round Window Niche ◽  
The Brain

Objectives. To study possible nerve regeneration of a damaged auditory nerve by the use of stem cell transplantation.Methods. We transplanted HNPCs to the rat AN trunk by the internal auditory meatus (IAM). Furthermore, we studied if addition of BDNF affects survival and phenotypic differentiation of the grafted HNPCs. A bioactive nanofiber gel (PA gel), in selected groups mixed with BDNF, was applied close to the implanted cells. Before transplantation, all rats had been deafened by a round window niche application ofβ-bungarotoxin. This neurotoxin causes a selective toxic destruction of the AN while keeping the hair cells intact.Results. Overall, HNPCs survived well for up to six weeks in all groups. However, transplants receiving the BDNF-containing PA gel demonstrated significantly higher numbers of HNPCs and neuronal differentiation. At six weeks, a majority of the HNPCs had migrated into the brain stem and differentiated. Differentiated human cells as well as neurites were observed in the vicinity of the cochlear nucleus.Conclusion. Our results indicate that human neural precursor cells (HNPC) integration with host tissue benefits from additional brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) treatment and that these cells appear to be good candidates for further regenerative studies on the auditory nerve (AN).

scholarly journals Effects of FGF-2 and EGF removal on the differentiationof mouse neural precursor cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma T. Schwindt ◽  
Fabiana L. Motta ◽  
Barnabé Gabriela F. ◽  
Massant Cristina G. ◽  
Alessander O. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Ideal

Cell therapy for neurological disorders has advanced, and neural precursor cells (NPC) may become the ideal candidates for neural transplantation in a wide range of diseases. However, additional work has to be done to determine either the ideal culture environment for NPC expansion in vitro, without altering their plasticity, or the FGF-2 and EGF mechanisms of cell signaling in neurospheres growth, survival and differentiation. In this work we evaluated mouse neurospheres cultured with and without FGF-2 and EGF containing medium and showed that those growth factors are responsible for NPC proliferation. It is also demonstrated that endogenous production of growth factors shifts from FGF-2 to IGF-1/PDGFb upon EGF and FGF-2 withdrawal. Mouse NPC cultured in suspension showed different patterns of neuronal localization (core versus shell) for both EGF and FGF-2 withdrawal and control groups. Taken together, these results show that EGF and FGF-2 removal play an important role in NPC differentiation and may contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms of NPC differentiation. Our findings suggest that depriving NPC of growth factors prior to grafting might enhance their chance to effectively integrate into the host.

Targeted deletion of RIC8A in mouse neural precursor cells interferes with the development of the brain, eyes, and muscles

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-390
Author(s):  
Keiu Kask ◽  
Laura Tikker ◽  
Katrin Ruisu ◽  
Sirje Lulla ◽  
Eva-Maria Oja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Genes Hesr1/Hey1 and Hesr2/Hey2 Regulate Maintenance of Neural Precursor Cells in the Brain

2003 ◽  
Vol 278 (45) ◽  
pp. 44808-44815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Sakamoto ◽  
Hiromi Hirata ◽  
Toshiyuki Ohtsuka ◽  
Yasumasa Bessho ◽  
Ryoichiro Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The orphan nuclear receptor TLX: an emerging master regulator of cross-talk between microglia and neural precursor cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Lucassen ◽  
Anne-Marie van Dam ◽  
Prasanna Kandel ◽  
Pascal Bielefeld ◽  
Aniko Korosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Adult Hippocampus ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Neuroinflammation and neurogenesis have both been the subject of intensive investigation over the past 20 years. The sheer complexity of their regulation and their ubiquity in various states of health and disease have sometimes obscured the progress that has been made in unraveling their mechanisms and regulation. A recent study by Kozareva et al. (Neuronal Signaling (2019) 3), provides evidence that the orphan nuclear receptor TLX is central to communication between microglia and neural precursor cells and could help us understand how inflammation, mediated by microglia, influences the development of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Here, we put recent studies on TLX into the context of what is known about adult neurogenesis and microglial activation in the brain, along with the many hints that these processes must be inter-related.

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