Unusual phenomenon of optimizing the Griewank function with the increase of dimension

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1344-1360
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jian-ping Li ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Griewank Function

scholarly journals Auxin regulated metabolic changes underlying sepal retention and development after pollination in spinach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahpara Fatima ◽  
Xiaokai Ma ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Madiha Zaynab ◽  
Ray Ming
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Auxin Inhibitor ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Auxin Transport Inhibitor ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Early Developmental

Abstract Background Pollination accelerate sepal development that enhances plant fitness by protecting seeds in female spinach. This response requires pollination signals that result in the remodeling within the sepal cells for retention and development, but the regulatory mechanism for this response is still unclear. To investigate the early pollination-induced metabolic changes in sepal, we utilize the high-throughput RNA-seq approach. Results Spinach variety ‘Cornel 9’ was used for differentially expressed gene analysis followed by experiments of auxin analog and auxin inhibitor treatments. We first compared the candidate transcripts expressed differentially at different time points (12H, 48H, and 96H) after pollination and detected significant difference in Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis and auxin modulation and transduction process. Furthermore, several auxin regulatory pathways i.e. cell division, cell wall expansion, and biogenesis were activated from pollination to early developmental symptoms in sepals following pollination. To further confirm the role auxin genes play in the sepal development, auxin analog (2, 4-D; IAA) and auxin transport inhibitor (NPA) with different concentrations gradient were sprayed to the spinach unpollinated and pollinated flowers, respectively. NPA treatment resulted in auxin transport weakening that led to inhibition of sepal development at concentration 0.1 and 1 mM after pollination. 2, 4-D and IAA treatment to unpollinated flowers resulted in sepal development at lower concentration but wilting at higher concentration. Conclusion We hypothesized that sepal retention and development might have associated with auxin homeostasis that regulates the sepal size by modulating associated pathways. These findings advanced the understanding of this unusual phenomenon of sepal growth instead of abscission after pollination in spinach.

scholarly journals Concomitant occurrence of canine transmigration and symmetrical agenesis of incisors – A case report

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
NB Nagaveni ◽  
NB Radhika ◽  
KV Umashankara ◽  
TS Satisha
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Impacted Canine ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Mandibular Canine

Transmigration of mandibular canine is an unusual phenomenon characterized by movement of the impacted canine crossing the mandibular midline. Mandibular canine are rarely found impacted in a horizontal position in the mandible. Most of the time, this entity occurred as an isolated finding. However there are reports showing association of dentigerous cyst and a hyperdontia. The purpose of this report is to present a case of transmigrated canine associated with agenesis of mandibular both central incisors which is not reported previously. Key words: Intra-osseous migration; mandibular canine; agenesis; central incisors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7810 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.133-136

Populating Israel's Mountains while Preserving Their Environmental Quality

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Soffer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Western World ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Agricultural Terraces ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
And Migration ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Mountain Population

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Galilee Mountains were still practically a ‘closed system’, as a result of which the balance of land-use was more or less preserved. Rural settlements had then hardly developed, and stagnation of the few remaining mountain towns was observed. In general, the roads were unpaved routes, the economy served for subsistence only (based mainly on agricultural terraces), while most of the area was of forest or rocky ground serving as pasture.During the British Mandatory period, the Galilee Mountains area opened up slowly, and this process has increased ever since the establishment of the State of Israel. The Mountains are facing a tremendous increase in population as a result of natural local increase (mostly Arabs) and migration (mostly Jews). This excessive mountain population in Israel is an unusual phenomenon in comparison with other mountain regions in the western world, which have generally decreased in population though there, too, the equilibrium of land-use has been shaken—for instance in the Swiss Alps (Bugmann, 1980; Gallusser, 1980; Messerli et al., 1980), and in the Rocky Mountains of the United States (Kelly, 1980).

TREMBLING OF THE CHIN—AN INHERITABLE DOMINANT CHARACTER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-455
Author(s):  
Burton J. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Dominant Character ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon

An unusual phenomenon, trembling of the chin, is reported in a family. The trait appears to be inherited as a simple dominant. Three other families with this trait, reported in the literature, are reviewed. Another dominant trait, otosclerosis, was found to be present in this family.

Spontaneous heterotopic triplet pregnancy with intrauterine monochorionic-monoamnionic twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Alexander Kotlyar ◽  
Jennifer Eaton ◽  
Katherine Singh ◽  
Uma Perni
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Heterotopic Pregnancy ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Triplet Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Pregnancy ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Prior Use ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon

Abstract Heterotopic pregnancies are an unusual phenomenon, which have recently become more prevalent with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Triplets that are part of a heterotopic pregnancy are exceedingly rare. Here, we describe a case of a woman who presented at 15+1 weeks of gestational age with a known monochorionic-monoamniotic intrauterine pregnancy with several days of abdominal pain with an otherwise unremarkable gastrointestinal (GI) assessment. Salpingectomy was performed, and pathology revealed chorionic villi within the fallopian tube consistent with a heterotopic triplet pregnancy. This pregnancy was conceived spontaneously. Even without the prior use of ART, physicians need to be aware of the risk of heterotopic pregnancy in a patient with a known twin gestation. In addition, this case highlights how heterotopic triplets can present even within the second trimester.

scholarly journals Word-final consonant epenthesis in Northeastern Nigerian English

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMITRY IDIATOV
Keyword(s):  
Positive Bias ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Sound Pattern ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Inner Circle

L2 speakers of Nigerian English in parts of northeastern Nigeria occasionally insert an alveolar coronal stop [t] or fricative [s] following another alveolar coronal pre-pausally and phrase-internally. The article discusses this typologically unusual phenomenon for the Nigerian English of speakers whose L1 is the Adamawa language Bena (ISO 639-3: yun). I also consider comparable cases of word-final consonant epenthesis in several other varieties of English, both the so-called New Englishes and Inner Circle varieties, and provide an account of the details of epenthesis with respect to which they differ. At first sight, hypercorrection of the tendency for word-final consonant cluster simplification in Bena English may seem an obvious explanation. However, I argue that hypercorrection alone falls short of explaining the observed pattern. In addition, we need to call on phonetic properties of Bena L1 such as pre-pausal glottalisation and lengthening of consonants to be able to account for both the actuation of the hypercorrection and the phonologisation of the epenthesis. Although the availability of a clear phonetic explanation makes this sound pattern conceivable as a natural rule, its typological rarity in non-contact lects highlights the positive bias induced by hypercorrection as a necessary part of the mix in creating the conditions for a reanalysis.

scholarly journals Fetomaternal interactions and influences during equine pregnancy

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 513-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Invasive Phenotype ◽  
Uterine Lumen ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Near Term

The equine embryo takes 6 days to traverse the oviduct and, when it finally enters the uterus, it remains spherical in shape and moves continually throughout the uterine lumen until day 17 after ovulation to deliver its maternal recognition of pregnancy signal to the entire endometrium. Between day 25 and day 35 after ovulation, the trophoblast cells of a discrete annulate portion of the chorion multiply rapidly and acquire an invasive phenotype and, between day 36 and day 38, migrate deeply into the maternal endometrium to form the equine-unique endometrial protuberances known as endometrial cups. These cups secrete large quantities of a gonadotrophic hormone (eCG) into the maternal circulation which, in conjunction with pituitary FSH, stimulates the development of accessory luteal structures in the maternal ovaries to supplement the supply of progesterone to maintain the pregnancy until the placenta can assume this role at about day 100. The non-invasive allantochorion extends slowly to fill the uterus by days 80-85 and its microcotyledonary architecture, which provides both haemotrophic and histotrophic nutrition for the growing fetus, is not fully established until days 120-140. The fetoplacental unit synthesizes large quantities of steroid hormones during the second half of pregnancy, using fetal C-19 precursors secreted by the enlarged fetal gonads for the production of oestrogens and maternal C-21 precursors for the synthesis of progesterone and large quantities of 5alpha-reduced progestagens. Near term, additional pregnenelone is secreted by the fetal adrenal glands so that the mare exhibits the unusual phenomenon of foaling while maternal serum progestagen concentrations are increasing and oestrogen concentrations are decreasing.

Pathways of initial consonant loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Root Structure ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Historical Loss ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Cape York

Abstract This paper investigates the historical loss of root-initial consonants, using a case study of Middle Paman languages of Cape York Peninsula, in northeastern Australia. Systematic loss of initial consonants is a typologically unusual phenomenon, mainly found in Australia, that has often been regarded as a starting point for far-reaching changes in root structure, phonotactics and even phoneme inventory. So far, the literature has focused mainly on identifying phonetic causes of initial loss. This study focuses on the actual processes and pathways of initial loss, which is an equally important part of the historical puzzle. Specifically, it shows that there are multiple pathways for initial loss: it can be the result of a gradual phonetic process involving intermediate steps like lenition, as is assumed in part of the literature, but it can also be due to more abrupt processes involving borrowing and even morphosyntactic alternations. This adds to a more diversified model of how initial loss actually proceeds, which together with earlier work on the diversity of phonetic causes of initial loss produces a more comprehensive understanding of this typologically and diachronically unusual phenomenon.

scholarly journals A Primary Clival Defect: Endoscopic Binostril Approach With Nasal Septal Flap Closure and Preservation of Septal Integrity

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. E24-E26
Author(s):  
Joao Flavio Nogueira ◽  
Bradford A. Woodworth ◽  
Aldo Stamm ◽  
Maria Laura Silva
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Free Grafts ◽  
Skull Base Defect ◽  
Nasal Septal Flap ◽  
Flap Closure ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Csf Leaks

Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is an unusual phenomenon that may occur anywhere along the skull base. However, CSF leaks originating from clival defects are rarely reported in the literature. The majority of reported cases were managed with microscopic techniques, using free grafts. The present study discusses a case of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea from a clival defect closed with our transnasal operative approach using endoscopic techniques. The skull base defect was successfully managed with an endoscopic binostril approach to create a nasal septal flap pedicled at the sphenopalatine artery, while also preserving the integrity of the nasal septum.

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