scholarly journals Effects of the Long-Term Application of Anaerobically-Digested Cattle Manure on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Paddy Rice (Oryza sativaL.), and Soil Fertility in Warmer Region of Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Nishikawa ◽  
Kunzhi Li ◽  
Hiromo Inoue ◽  
Mikio Umeda ◽  
Hiroyuki Hirooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Cattle Manure

Effects of duration of grazed lucerne on long-term yields and nitrogen uptake of subsequent wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
New South ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales

The long-term effects of varying durations of lucerne Icy, extended fallowing, and continuous wheat growing on the growth, yield, and nitrogen uptake of subsequent wheat crops were determined on two contrasting soils in northern New South Wales. Durations of lucerne ley were 3+, 2+ and 1+ years on a black earth and 5+, 3+ and 1+ years on a red-brown earth. With the exception of the first wheat crop, wheat production for several years following lucerne exceeded that following extended fallow or continuous wheat growing, whether measured as vegetative yield at anthesis, grain yield, nitrogen uptake, or grain protein. The beneficial effects of lucerne on vegetative yield, nitrogen uptake, and grain protein reached a maximum in the second crop after lucerne, and the effects of 2+ or more years of lucerne remained significant for the next five crops on the black earth and the next two crops on the red-brown earth. Grain yields fluctuated widely with season, the magnitude of the lucerne effect being much more dependent on rainfall, but the duration of the effect was similar for grain and vegetative parameters. The shorter duration of the lucerne effect on the red-brown earth appeared to be associated with its more freely draining nature and consequent loss of accumulated nitrogen. The optimum duration of lucerne for maintaining nitrogen-dependent wheat yields was 3+ years on both soil types. It eliminated the need for nitrogen fertilizer for the following five wheat crops on the black earth and three wheat crops on the red-brown earth. Extended fallowing also had a beneficial effect on all parameters, particularly in the first and second crops after the fallow ended. Its effect was generally significantly smaller than the lucerne effect except in the first crop after fallow.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of maize straw return and manure on the microbial community in cinnamon soil in Northern China using 16S rRNA sequencing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249884
Author(s):  
Zhiping Liu ◽  
Huaiping Zhou ◽  
Wenyan Xie ◽  
Zhenxing Yang ◽  
Qianqian Lv
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Straw Return

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural practices have demonstrated a significant impact on microbial diversity and community in soil by altering soil physical and chemical properties, thereby leading to a certain degree of soil salinization and nutritional imbalances. As an organic amendment, maize straw has been widely used to improve soil quality; however, its effect on the soil bacterial community remains limited in Calcarie-Fluvie Cambisols soil in semi-humid arid plateau of North China. In the present experiment, we investigated the effects of continuous straw utilization and fertilization on bacterial communities in Shouyang, Shanxi province, China. Soil samples were collected from 5 different straw utilization and fertilization modes in the following ways: straw mulching (SM), straw crushing (SC), cattle manure (CM), in which way straw is firstly used as silage and then organic fertilizer, control with no straw return (NSR), and control without fertilizers (CK), same amount of N+P fertilizer was applied to the regimes except CK. High-throughput sequencing approaches were applied to the V3-V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA for analysis of the bacterial abundance and community structures. Different long-term straw returning regimes significantly altered the physicochemical properties and bacterial communities of soil, among which CM had the most significant effects on soil fertility and bacterial diversity. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes were consistently dominant in all soil samples, and Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed significant association of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and available potassium (AK) with alternation of the bacterial community. Cattle manure had the most beneficial effects on soil fertility and bacterial diversity among different straw utilization and fertilization modes.

Long-term liming improves soil fertility and soybean root growth, reflecting improvements in leaf gas exchange and grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 126308
Author(s):  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽  
Ariani Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soybean Root

Yields and nitrogen uptake of grain sorghum in various rotations, including lucerne, annual legume and long fallow

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Soil Evidence

Long-term yields, nitrogen uptake and responsiveness of grain sorghum following three lucerne rotations, an annual legume rotation, long fallowing, and continuous wheat growing were measured on a black earth and red clay in northern New South Wales. The three lucerne rotations compared two methods of lucerne establishment (with or without a cover crop) and two methods of grazing management (short or extended grazing).There were large beneficial effects of lucerne leys on the first grain sorghum crop, whether they were measured as grain yield, nitrogen content of the foliage and grain, or nitrogen uptake. The effect was much smaller in the second year but it increased in the third and fourth years, in direct relation to the rainfall during the sorghum flowering period. The effect was larger on the black earth than on the red clay, reflecting the much higher lucerne yields on the former soil. Evidence indicated that the nitrogen contribution from lucerne after the first year was no greater than the nitrogen accumulated by long fallowing, and this was attributed to very low rainfall and lucerne yields during the four year ley period.The annual legume rotation suffered from drought and insect damage in most years, and following sorghum yields tended to be lower than those achieved by long fallowing.Differences in the effects of establishment method and grazing management on total lucerne yields were reflected in the differences in subsequent grain sorghum yields. Largest differences were on the black earth where extended grazing lowered the total yields of lucerne and subsequent grain sorghum. Sowing lucerne under wheat had little effect on total yields of lucerne or sorghum.

EFFECT OF WHEAT, LEGUME AND LEGUME-ENRICHED WHEAT RESIDUES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN UPTAKE OF RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM AND SOIL FERTILITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. SHARMA ◽  
R. PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Green Manuring

Field experiments were conducted for two crop years at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of enriching wheat residue with legume residue on the productivity and nitrogen uptake of a rice-wheat cropping system and soil fertility. The incorporation of wheat residue had an adverse effect on the productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system. When it was incorporated along with Sesbania green manure, not only did its adverse effect disappear but the response to fertilizer N was also increased. There was no response to fertilizer N when Sesbania green manure was incorporated. When wheat residue was incorporated along with Sesbania green manuring, rice responded significantly to fertilizer N up to 120 kg N ha-1 in the first year and to 60 kgN ha-1 in the second year and at these levels of N, Sesbania + wheat residue gave 0.8 to 1.2 t ha-1 more grain, 0.6-1.0 t ha-1 more straw and 8-15 kg ha-1 more N uptake of rice resulting in 0.04-0.17% more organic C, 3-8 kg ha-1 more available P and 17-25 kg ha-1 more available K content in the soil than wheat residue alone at the same rates of N application. The respective increaseas caused by Sesbania green manure + wheat residue over Sesbania green manure alone were 0.3-0.5 t ha-1 in the grain and straw yield, 1-9 kg ha-1 in the N uptake of rice, 0.02-0.10% in organic C, 1-8 kg ha-1 in available P and 35- 70 kg ha-1 in available K content in the soil. These treatments also gave higher residual effects in succeeding wheat than wheat residue alone. The incorporation of residues of both wheat and Sesbania is thus recommended to eliminate the adverse effect of wheat residue and to increase the beneficial effects of Sesbania green manuring.

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