scholarly journals Genotypic Differences in Dry Matter Accumulation, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Harvest Index in Recombinant Inbred Lines of Rice under Hydroponic Culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ju ◽  
Yoshinori Yamamoto ◽  
Yulong Wang ◽  
Yuhua Shan ◽  
Guichun Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Organic Amendment and Soil Type Effects on Dry Matter Accumulation, Grain Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322
Author(s):  
Joseph Ofori ◽  
Akira Kamidouzono ◽  
Tsugiyuki Masunaga ◽  
Toshiyuki Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
G. Tai ◽  
R. Tarn ◽  
H. de Jong ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Use Efficiency

One approach for reducing the contribution of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production to nitrate contamination of groundwater is to develop cultivars which utilize N more efficiently. In this study, variation in N use efficiency (NUE; dry matter production per unit crop N supply) characteristics of 20 commercial potato cultivars of North American and European origin were evaluated in 2 yr. Cultivars were grown with or without application of 100 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate banded at planting. The recommended within-row spacing was used for each cultivar and no irrigation was applied. Plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined prior to significant leaf senescence. Crop N supply was estimated as fertilizer N applied plus soil inorganic N measured at planting plus apparent net soil N mineralization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply. Nitrogen use efficiency was lower for early-maturing cultivars compared to mid-season and late-maturing cultivars. A curvilinear relationship was obtained between plant dry matter accumulation and plant N accumulation using data for all cultivars. Deviations from this relationship were interpreted as variation in N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation per unit N accumulation). Significant differences in NUtE were measured among cultivars of similar maturity. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N content per unit crop N supply) and soil nitrate concentration measured at plant harvest were uniformly low for all cultivars when crop N supply was limited, but varied among cultivars when N was more abundant. This suggests that potato cultivars vary more in terms of N uptake capacity (plant N accumulation in the presence of an abundant N supply) than in terms of NUpE. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, N mineralization, dry matter accumulation, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of the Applied Fertilization Method under Full Straw Return on the Growth of Mechanically Transplanted Rice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Jichao Tang ◽  
Ruoyu Zhang ◽  
Hechao Li ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Shaoqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Application Methods

This study aimed to improve nitrogen utilization and alleviate the inhibition of straw decomposition during early tillering and the growth of paddy after straw return. Specifically, three different nitrogen fertilizer (base fertilizer) application methods were tested under full straw return: applying the compound fertilizer once (J1), applying the compound fertilizer twice (J3) and applying the ammonium carbonate fertilizer plus compound fertilizer (J2). Full straw return without fertilizer (CK1) and no straw return without fertilizer (CK2) were used as the controls. The results showed that treatment with ammonium carbonate fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer (J2) significantly enhanced straw decomposition, light interception and dry matter accumulation at an early stage of tillering, but reduced tiller occurrence at a late tillering stage. Grain yield was affected due to reduced dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and number of effective panicles. There were no significant differences in rice growth, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield between the one-time or two-time compound fertilizer application methods. In contrast, treatment with ammonium carbonate fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer (J2) under full straw return effectively improved straw decomposition and accelerated the return of green and tillering. In addition, the proportion of ammonium carbonate fertilizer affected the nutrient utilization efficiency and yield at later stages.

scholarly journals Effect of wheat dwarfing genes on nitrogen-use efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. GOODING ◽  
M. ADDISU ◽  
R. K. UPPAL ◽  
J. W. SNAPE ◽  
H. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYNear isogenic lines (NILs) varying for alleles for reduced height (Rht) and photoperiod insensitivity (Ppd-D1a) in a cvar Mercia background (rht (tall), Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c, Rht8c+Ppd-D1a, Rht-D1c, Rht12) were compared at a field site in Berkshire, UK, but within different systems (‘organic’, O, in 2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08 growing seasons v. ‘conventional’, C, in 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08 and 2008/09). In 2007 and 2008, further NILs (rht (tall), Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c, Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b, Rht-D1b+Rht-B1c) in both Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon backgrounds were added. The contrasting systems allowed NILs to be tested in diverse rotational and agronomic, but commercially relevant, contexts, particularly with regard to the assumed temporal distribution of nitrogen availability, and competition from weeds.For grain, nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE; grain dry matter (DM) yield/available N; where available N=fertilizer N+soil mineral N), recovery of N in the grain (grain N yield/available N), N utilization efficiency to produce grain (NUtEg; grain DM yield/above-ground crop N yield), N harvest index (grain N yield/above-ground crop N yield) and dry matter harvest index (DMHI; grain DM yield/above-ground crop DM yield) all peaked at final crop heights of 800–950 mm. Maximum NUE occurred at greater crop heights in the organic system than in the conventional system, such that even adding just a semi-dwarfing allele (Rht-D1b) to the shortest background, Mercia, reduced NUE in the organic system. The mechanism of dwarfing (gibberellin sensitive or insensitive) made little difference to the relationship between NUE and its components with crop height.For above-ground biomass: dwarfing alleles had a greater effect on DM accumulation compared with N accumulation such that all dwarfing alleles could reduce nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE; crop DM yield/crop N yield). This was particularly evident at anthesis in the conventional system when there was no significant penalty for severe dwarfism for N accumulation, despite a 3-tonne (t)/ha reduction in biomass compared to the tallest lines. Differences between genotypes for recovery of N in the grain were thus mostly a function of net N uptake after anthesis rather than of remobilized N. This effect was compounded as dwarfing, except when coupled with Ppd-D1a, was associated with delayed anthesis. In the organic experiments there was greater reliance on N accumulated before anthesis, and genotype effects on NUE were confounded with effects on N accumulated by weeds, which was negatively associated with crop height. Optimum height for maximizing wheat NUE and its components, as manipulated by Rht alleles, thus depend on growing system, and crop utilization (i.e. biomass or grain production).

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