scholarly journals Relationship between Tuberous Root Size and Aconitine Alkaloids Content and the Distribution of Aconitine Alkaloids in Tuberous Roots of Aconite Plants (Aconitum japonicum Thunberg)

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ishizaki ◽  
Kazumi Kawaguchi ◽  
Yukitsugu Takahashi ◽  
Yoshiharu Wada
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Aconitine Alkaloids ◽  
Root Size

Vegetative propagation in Rhexia virginica (Melastomataceae): some morphological and ecological considerations

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2118-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Posluszny ◽  
M. J. Sharp ◽  
P. A. Keddy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Root Buds

The unusual method of vegetative propagation in the rare shoreline plant Rhexia virginica L. was studied using both histological techniques and observations of the external morphology. Several propagules in the form of swollen tuberouslike roots develop adventitiously early in the spring. As the tuberous root forms its periderm, shedding the cortex and epidermis, a number of root buds develop in the region of the phellogen. Approximately two to four root buds per propagule develop as aerial shoots. The rest of the root buds and the tuberous roots themselves degenerate. There was no evidence of propagules and viable root buds surviving for several years, as previously reported. The inability of the tuberous roots to survive in soil for more than a single year may explain, to some extent, why R. virginica is rare in Ontario.

scholarly journals Hypersensitivity of Ranunculus asiaticus to Salinity and Alkaline pH in Irrigation Water in Sand Cultures

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
James Poss ◽  
Michael A. Mellano
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Tuberous Roots

Ranunculus, grown as a field crop in southern and central coastal California, is highly valued in the cut flower and tuberous root markets. However, concerns regarding the sustainability of ranunculus cultivation have arisen when the plantations are irrigated with waters of marginal quality because the viability of the tuberous roots may be compromised. A study was initiated to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation waters, with and without pH control, on the growth of plants and tuberous roots of ranunculus. Treatments consisted of four irrigation water solutions with increasing concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42−, and Cl− to meet an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2, 3, 4, and 6 dS·m−1 and pH 6.4. The 3, 4, and 6 dS·m−1 solutions were replicated with uncontrolled pH, which averaged 7.8 over the trial. Ranunculus ‘Yellow ASD’ and ‘Pink CTD’ seedlings were transplanted into greenhouse sand tanks and irrigated twice daily with treatment solutions. Shoot dry weight of plants irrigated with 2 dS·m−1 solutions was 7.20 g and 6.66 g in ‘Yellow ASD’ and ‘Pink CTD’, respectively; however, increasing EC from 2 to 3 dS·m−1 induced an 83% and 78% decrease, respectively. Tuberous root fresh weight of control plants, 7.45 g and 8.42 g for ‘Yellow ASD’ and ‘Pink CDT’, respectively, was decreased by 82% and 89% when EC was 6 dS·m−1. High pH of irrigation water caused an additional decrease in shoot dry weight and tuberous root weight. In control plants, 83% and 76% of tuberous roots of ‘Yellow ASD’ and ‘Pink CTD’, respectively, that were transplanted in the following season produced new shoots; however, tuberous roots sprouting percentage from plants irrigated with EC 4 dS·m−1 water decreased to 42.9% and 58.3% and to 11.1% and 45.0% with EC 6 dS·m−1. The hypersensitivity of ranunculus to salinity was associated with a significant decrease in Ca2+ and K+ tissue concentration. In ‘Yellow ASD’, Ca2+ decreased from 202 mmol·kg−1 in control plants to 130 mmol·kg−1 in plants irrigated with 3 dS·m−1 solutions and pH 6.4. In ‘Pink CTD’, the decrease was from 198 mmol·kg−1 to 166 mmol·kg−1. Potassium was similarly affected. Compared with control plants (405 mmol·kg−1), shoot Na+ concentration was increased by 101% in ‘Yellow ASD’ and by 125% in ‘Pink CTD’ when irrigated with 6 dS·m−1 water. Salt sensitivity of ranunculus, as determined by growth of the flowering stems and viability of the tuberous roots, was increased by irrigation with alkaline waters, which was associated with additional increases in Na+ and Cl– tissue concentration and decreased iron accumulation. Hypersensitivity to salinity makes ranunculus crop a poor candidate for water reuse systems; however, further research is warranted to elucidate the possibility of enhancing its tolerance to salinity by supplemental Ca2+ and K+ and acidification of irrigation water.

scholarly journals Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Provides New Insights into Genome Evolution and Tuberous Root Formation of Potentilla anserina

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Gan ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
Yuan Zong ◽  
Dong Cao ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Galactose Metabolism ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Potentilla Anserina ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Chromosome Level

Potentilla anserina is a perennial stoloniferous plant with edible tuberous roots in Rosaceae, served as important food and medicine sources for Tibetans in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), China, over thousands of years. However, a lack of genome information hindered the genetic study. Here, we presented a chromosome-level genome assembly using single-molecule long-read sequencing, and the Hi-C technique. The assembled genome was 454.28 Mb, containing 14 chromosomes, with contig N50 of 2.14 Mb. A total of 46,495 protein-coding genes, 169.74 Mb repeat regions, and 31.76 Kb non-coding RNA were predicted. P. anserina diverged from Potentilla micrantha ∼28.52 million years ago (Mya). Furthermore, P. anserina underwent a recent tetraploidization ∼6.4 Mya. The species-specific genes were enriched in Starch and sucrose metabolism and Galactose metabolism pathways. We identified the sub-genome structures of P. anserina, with A sub-genome was larger than B sub-genome and closer to P. micrantha phylogenetically. Despite lacking significant genome-wide expression dominance, the A sub-genome had higher homoeologous gene expression in shoot apical meristem, flower and tuberous root. The resistance genes was contracted in P. anserina genome. Key genes involved in starch biosynthesis were expanded and highly expressed in tuberous roots, which probably drives the tuber formation. The genomics and transcriptomics data generated in this study advance our understanding of the genomic landscape of P. anserina, and will accelerate genetic studies and breeding programs.

Effects of Sucrose on Tuberous Root Formation and Saccharide Accumulation in Manihot esculenta Crantz In Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Wu ◽  
Meng Ting Geng ◽  
Jie Fan ◽  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Yi Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Tuberous Roots

The induction of tuberous roots of cassava in vitro is functional in MS medium containing 0.54 mM NAA, 0.44 mM BA and 3%-7% sucrose; meanwhile, the saccharide accumulation in the induced tuberous roots was increased with the sucrose content addition from 3%-7% in the inducible medium. Thus, the sucrose is an important factor for tuberous root induction in Cassava in vitro. The experimental results showed that the appropriate concentration of sucrose played a key role on the tuberous root induction in Cassava in vitro.

Effects of Harvesting Frequency on Leaf and Root Yields of Cassava

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dahniya ◽  
C. O. Oputa ◽  
S. K. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Cassava Varieties

SUMMARYTotal fresh leaf yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) variety Isunikankiyan was not significantly affected by harvesting frequency, unlike variety TMS 30211. Compared with plants whose leaves were not harvested, there was a decrease in total fresh tuberous root yields of 56–76%, 34–62% and 15–32% when leaves were harvested at 1-, 2- and 3-month intervals respectively. The two cassava varieties reacted differently to leaf harvests in terms of tuber yields. Harvesting the top leaves of cassava at 2- or 3-month intervals is recommended to ensure reasonable yields of both leaves and tuberous roots.

Photoperiod Affects Growth, Dry Weight and Fructan Partitioning in Dahlia `Sunny Rose' Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 536e-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Legnani ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Differences

Photoperiod can be an important environmental variable for dahlia seedling (plug) production. During a 7 week plug production scheme, long days provided by a 4-h night interruption with ≈10 fc of incandescent light inhibited tuberous root development while increasing shoot fresh and dry weight, fibrous root dry weight, leaf area, and height. Night interruption reduced plug production time by 1 to 2 weeks and plugs grown under long days showed superior growth following transplanting to 10-cm pots. No significant difference in total plant fresh and dry weight was observed between long-day and short-day plugs, indicating that growth differences were a result of photoperiod alterations in carbohydrate partitioning. Tuberous roots of short-day-grown plugs showed a 156% increase in fructan concentration (mg/g dry wt. basis) over long-day plugs. The carbohydrate status of long-day (night interruption) tuberous root tissue was characterized by high glucose concentration. The accumulation of glucose (a product of fructan synthesis), in plugs grown with night interruption is believed to be the result of slower rates of cell wall formation in long-day plugs compared to short-day plugs. HPAEC-PAD separation of fructans showed a maximum degree of polymerization of ≈30 in short-day tuberous roots and 27 for long-day tuberous roots. Effects of photoperiod on fructan metabolism in dahlia tuberous roots and the practical use of photoperiod in dahlia plug production are discussed.

scholarly journals Fertilization of Sinningia leucotricha (Hoehne) H.E. Moore, a specie native to Paraná with ornamental and medicinal potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Edilene Aparecida Preti ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria ◽  
Lilian Keiko Unemoto ◽  
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves ◽  
Adriane Marinho de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Length

Sinningia leucotricha (known in Brazil as Queen of the Abyss) is an endangered plant species, native to the State of Parana, with the potential to be used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. This study aims to evaluate the effect of chemical and organic fertilization on its vegetative development. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five treatments: without fertilization; Bokashi Bacsol® (1.5 g/vase); Biofert ® Plus 2.5 mL.L-1; Bokashi Bacsol® (1.5 g/vase) + Biofert® Plus 2.5 mL.L-1; Bokashi Bacsol® 3 g/vase; applied once a month, with 10 replications and with each experimental unit made up of one vase containing one plant. Tuberous roots were planted in polypropylene vases containing coconut powder peel and coarse sand 1:1 (v:v). The following parameters were evaluated: number of sprouted shoots, number of leaves, length of the aerial part of the plant, length of the largest root, fresh mass of the tuberous root, diameter and length of the tuberous root and electrical conductivity and pH of the substrate. Fertilization with Bokashi 1.5 g/vase and Bokashi 1.5g/vase + Biofert® Plus 2.5mL-1 (30 mL/vase) were the two most efficient treatments for the vegetative development of Sinningia leucotricha.

scholarly journals Effect of Pot Volume on the Growth of Sweetpotato Cultivated in the New Hydroponic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Sakamoto ◽  
Takahiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Pot Size

Hydroponics is an effective means for promoting plant growth as it facilitates water and nutrient uptake by plant roots. For increasing the production of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), we developed the new hydroponic cultivation system in which tuberous roots were grown in solid media in the pots whereas fibrous roots were grown in the nutrient solution. Using this method, the effect of pot volume (1.6, 3.0, and 4.5 L) on the growth of sweetpotato was investigated. When plants were grown in small-sized pots (1.6 L), the fresh weight of the top and that of tuberous roots were decreased compared with plants grown in 3.0 L and 4.5 L pots. No clear difference was observed between the top and the tuberous roots in terms of the dry weight ratio, regardless of the pot size. The number of tuberous roots per plant and the maximum tuberous root weight were not influenced by the pot size either. However, the number of tuberous roots weighing more than 100 g was decreased in plants grown in small pots. Some of the tuberous roots grown in this hydroponic system contained a non-hypertrophic parts with severely lignified metaxylems. These results suggest that the environment surrounding the tuberous root influenced by the pot volume may be important for root enlargement in this hydroponic system.

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