scholarly journals Seedling Emergence at a Low Temperature in Etsunan 242 and High Eating Quality Rice Cultivars from Hokkaido, Tohoku, and Hokuriku Districts

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Masami Furuhata ◽  
Makoto Tanoi ◽  
Katsura Tomita ◽  
Asako Kobayashi ◽  
Masahiro Seki
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vandelook ◽  
Nele Bolle ◽  
Jozef A. Van Assche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Chilling Period

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

Growth Characteristics of Common Milkweed

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry S. Jeffery ◽  
Laren R. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Leaf Pair

Seed dormancy of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) is broken by a few days of moist low-temperature after-ripening. The duration of low-temperature after-ripening of the seeds is temperature dependent. Seedling emergence is best when the seeds are planted 1 to 2 cm deep and extremely limited when planted 6 cm deep. Seedlings have the capacity to produce new shoots if clipped in the 1 to 1¾-leaf pair stage and multiple shoots if clipped in the 2 to 2½-leaf pair stage. All seedlings reaching the 4 to 4½-leaf pair stage before clipping produced new shoots.

Seed germination and seedling emergence of threehorn bedstraw (Galium tricornutum)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Winter Crops

Threehorn bedstraw is an important dicotyledonous weed of winter crops in southern Australia, which can be difficult to control in some field crops. Knowledge of the germination ecology of this weed would facilitate development of effective weed control programs. Seed germination in the laboratory was greater for seeds that after-ripened while buried in the soil relative to those that after-ripened on the soil surface. The timing of greatest seed germination in the laboratory was found to coincide with the period of low temperature in the field. Seed germination of threehorn bedstraw was moderately sensitive to salt stress but moderately tolerant to osmotic stress. Seeds of threehorn bedstraw germinated over a broad range of pH from 4 to 10. No seedlings emerged from seeds placed on the soil surface. Maximum seedling emergence occurred at depths of 1 to 2 cm (89 to 91%) and declined at greater depths.

scholarly journals (429)“Artificial Exosperm” Development Using Antistress, Antioxidant Compounds for Promoting and Synchronizing Seedling Emergence at Limiting Low Temperature and Moisture Conditions in Carrot

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023D-1023
Author(s):  
Rowan Briscoe ◽  
Rajasekaran Lada ◽  
Claude Caldwell ◽  
Kevin Sibley ◽  
Christine Pettipas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Producing carrots with optimal root grades is the most critical aspect of carrot production for maximizing profits. Desired root grades can be optimized by maintaining optimal plant population. While precision seeding helps to seed required seeding rate, obtaining optimum seed germination and uniform emergence, especially in mineral soils and under cold and dry climates, have been great challenges to carrot producers around the world. Therefore, stand establishment is critical for optimizing yield and quality in carrots. Experiments were conducted to identify suitable germination and emergence promoters (GEPs) that will promote early and uniform emergence under temperatures of 5 °C and 20 °C and under 20% FC and 40% FC combinations. GEPs, belonging to both natural and synthetic antistress, antioxidant groups of compounds, and mineral salts were used. Carrot seeds of cv. Oranza were used in this study. Seeds were preconditioned with various GEPs, then submerged into laponite RD gel that was used as a potential “artificial exosperm” for carrot seeds. Data on emergence was collected and emergence and vigor value was calculated. Under ideal conditions, that is, at the 20 °C and 40% FC combination, there was no significant difference between treated seeds and untreated control. Germination was delayed at the 5 °C and 20% FC combination. However, seeds preconditioned with GEP-PN1.5%, GEP-LU at 1 mg·L-1, GEP-CA at 10 mg·L-1, GEP-AA at 100 mg·L-1 and GEP-SD at 10 mg·L-1 all promoted emergence resulting in the highest number of seedlings emerged at 5 °C and at 20% FC. Enhanced emergence under low temperature and low moisture may perhaps be due to synthesis of specific proteins.

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