scholarly journals Stability of Phenotypic Variation of Root Length over Environmental Conditions in the Seedling Generation of Potato.

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi KASHIWAGI ◽  
Kazuto IWAMA ◽  
Toshihiro HASEGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seedling Generation

scholarly journals Diversity of parental environments increases phenotypic variation in Arabidopsis populations more than genetic diversity but similarly affects productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Puy ◽  
Carlos P Carmona ◽  
Hana Dvořáková ◽  
Vít Latzel ◽  
Francesco de Bello
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽  
Trait Variability

Abstract Background and Aims The observed positive diversity effect on ecosystem functioning has rarely been assessed in terms of intraspecific trait variability within populations. Intraspecific phenotypic variability could stem both from underlying genetic diversity and from plasticity in response to environmental cues. The latter might derive from modifications to a plant’s epigenome and potentially last multiple generations in response to previous environmental conditions. We experimentally disentangled the role of genetic diversity and diversity of parental environments on population productivity, resistance against environmental fluctuations and intraspecific phenotypic variation. Methods A glasshouse experiment was conducted in which different types of Arabidopsis thaliana populations were established: one population type with differing levels of genetic diversity and another type, genetically identical, but with varying diversity levels of the parental environments (parents grown in the same or different environments). The latter population type was further combined, or not, with experimental demethylation to reduce the potential epigenetic diversity produced by the diversity of parental environments. Furthermore, all populations were each grown under different environmental conditions (control, fertilization and waterlogging). Mortality, productivity and trait variability were measured in each population. Key Results Parental environments triggered phenotypic modifications in the offspring, which translated into more functionally diverse populations when offspring from parents grown under different conditions were brought together in mixtures. In general, neither the increase in genetic diversity nor the increase in diversity of parental environments had a remarkable effect on productivity or resistance to environmental fluctuations. However, when the epigenetic variation was reduced via demethylation, mixtures were less productive than monocultures (i.e. negative net diversity effect), caused by the reduction of phenotypic differences between different parental origins. Conclusions A diversity of environmental parental origins within a population could ameliorate the negative effect of competition between coexisting individuals by increasing intraspecific phenotypic variation. A diversity of parental environments could thus have comparable effects to genetic diversity. Disentangling the effect of genetic diversity and that of parental environments appears to be an important step in understanding the effect of intraspecific trait variability on coexistence and ecosystem functioning.

What contributes to differences in phenotypic variation between generations?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
A Wolc ◽  
I White ◽  
M Lisowski ◽  
W G Hill
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Over Time

Under the animal model genetic variance is estimated in the base population taking into account inbreeding and is otherwise assumed to remain unchanged over generations. In practice, phenotypic variation differs randomly or systematically over time. Intuitively, such changes would be attributed mostly to environmental effects, and so lower heritability would be expected when variation is inflated. Studies in dairy cattle show contradictory results (e.g. Boldman and Freeman, 1990). Laying hens are kept under environmental conditions intended to be constant, but show substantial heterogeneity in phenotypic variance (VP) over generations. The aim was to investigate how variance components change.

scholarly journals Effects of lead on seedling growth of spesia populnea

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
M.Z. Iqbal ◽  
M. Shafiq ◽  
Z.R. Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effects of lead on root, shoot and seedling length, leaf area, number of leaves, plant circumference, seedling dry weight, root/shoot and leaf area ratios of <I>Thespesia populnea</I> L. were determined in greenhouse under natural environmental conditions with and without phytotoxic metal ions at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µmol/l. Lead treatments have a strong influence on the growth and development of <I>T</I>. <I>populnea</I> by reducing significantly (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) all the above parameters. Lead treatment at 5–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on seedling and root length, plant circumference and seedling dry weight of <I>T</I>.<I> populnea,</I> while lead treatment at 10–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area as compared to control. Tolerance in <I>T</I>.<I> populnea</I> seedling at 25 µmol/l of lead treatment was lowest as compared to all other treatments.

Construction of a high density genetic map and QTL mapping of PEG-induced drought tolerance at the early seedling stage in sesame using whole genome re-sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchao Liang ◽  
Yanying Ye ◽  
Xiaowen Yan ◽  
Tingxian Yan ◽  
Yueliang Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
High Density ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Major Qtls ◽  
Ril Population

Abstract BackgroundImprovement in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) drought tolerance at seedling stage is important for yield stability. Genetic approaches combing with conventional breeding is the most effective way to develop drought-tolerant cultivars. So far, only a few studies have been reported to reveal gene/ quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling drought tolerance in sesame. To identify the genomic regions associated with drought tolerance, we constructed a high-density genetic map using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population through whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) technique. QTLs contributing to three seedling traits were identified under both non-stress and water stress conditions.ResultsThree drought tolerance related traits and their relative values (the ratio of value under stress to value under control condition), including seedling weight (SW), shoot length (SL) and root length (RL), were evaluated under control and PEG-induced osmotic conditions at seedling stage in a RIL population derived from cross of Zhushanbai (ZSB) and Jinhuangma (JHM). Significant variation and high broad sense heritability were observed for all traits except SW under stress condition in the population. With this population, a high-density linkage map with 1354 bin markers was constructed through WGRS strategy. Composite interval mapping analysis was performed for all the traits as well as their relative phenotypic data. A total of 34 QTLs were detected for these traits under both conditions and their relative values, and 13 stable QTLs associated with seven traits were revealed in two independent experiments, explaining on average, 4.95-16.26% of phenotypic variation for each QTL. Four of them contributed more than 10% of phenotypic variation. One region on chromosome 12 contained two major QTLs related to RL under osmotic condition and relative RL. Seven candidate genes underlying major QTLs for drought tolerance were identified according to gene descriptions and variations between parents.ConclusionThe current study reports the first QTL mapping of drought tolerance related traits through a RIL population and first QTL detection of root related trait (root length) in sesame. These findings will provide new genetic resources for molecular improvement of drought tolerance and candidate gene identification in sesame.

scholarly journals Mapping and validation of a major QTL for primary root length of soybean seedlings grown in hydroponic conditions

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huatao Chen ◽  
Giriraj Kumawat ◽  
Yongliang Yan ◽  
Baojie Fan ◽  
Donghe Xu
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Ril Population ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions ◽  
Primary Root Length ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Background The root system provides nutrient absorption and is closely related to abiotic stress tolerance, but it is difficult to study the roots under field conditions. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with primary root length (PRL) during soybean seedling growth in hydroponic conditions. A total of 103 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between K099 (short primary root) and Fendou 16 (long primary root) were used to identify QTL for PRL in soybean. The RIL population was genotyped with 223 simple sequence repeats markers covering 20 chromosomes. Phenotyping for primary root length was performed for 3-weeks plants grown in hydoponic conditions. The identified QTL was validated in near isogenic lines and in a separate RIL population. Results QTL analysis using inclusive composite interval mapping method identified a major QTL on Gm16 between SSR markers Sat_165 and Satt621, explaining 30.25 % of the total phenotypic variation. The identified QTL, qRL16.1, was further confirmed in a segregating population derived from a residual heterozygous line (RHLs-98). To validate qRL16.1 in a different genetic background, QTL analysis was performed in another F6 RIL population derived from a cross between Union (medium primary root) and Fendou 16, in which a major QTL was detected again in the same genomic region as qRL16.1, explaining 14 % of the total phenotypic variation for PRL. In addition, the effect of qRL16.1 was confirmed using two pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs). PRL was significantly higher in NILs possessing the qRL16.1 allele from Fendou 16 compared to allele from K099. Conclusions The qRL16.1 is a novel QTL for primary root length in soybean which provides important information on the genetic control of root development. Identification of this major QTL will facilitate positional cloning and DNA marker-assisted selection for root traits in soybean.

scholarly journals Construction of a High Density Genetic Map and QTL Mapping of PEG-Induced Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Sesame Using Whole Genome Re-Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchao Liang ◽  
Yanying Ye ◽  
Xiaowen Yan ◽  
Tingxian Yan ◽  
Yueliang Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
High Density ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Ril Population

Abstract BackgroundImprovement in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) drought tolerance at seedling stage is important for yield stability. Genetic approaches combing with conventional breeding is the most effective way to develop drought-tolerant cultivars. So far, very few studies have been reported to reveal gene/ quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling drought tolerance in sesame. To identify the genomic regions associated with drought tolerance, we constructed a high-density genetic map using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population through whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) technique. QTLs contributing to three seedling traits were identified under both non-stress and water stress conditions.ResultsThree drought tolerance related traits and their relative values (the ratio of value under stress to value under control condition), including seedling weight (SW), shoot length (SL) and root length (RL), were evaluated under control and PEG-induced osmotic conditions at seedling stage in a RIL population derived from cross of Zhushanbai (ZSB) and Jinhuangma (JHM). Significant variation and high broad sense heritability were observed for all traits except SW under stress condition in the population. With this population, a high-density linkage map with 1354 bin markers was constructed through WGRS strategy. Composite interval mapping analysis was performed for all the traits as well as their relative phenotypic data. A total of 34 QTLs were detected for these three traits under both conditions and their relative values, and 13 stable QTLs associated with seven traits could be revealed in two independent experiments, explaining on average, 4.95-16.26% of phenotypic variation for each QTL. Four of them contributed more than 10% of phenotypic variation. Root length related QTLs were first identified in sesame. One region on chromosome 12 contained two major QTLs related to RL under osmotic condition and relative RL. ConclusionThe current study reports the first QTL mapping of drought tolerance related traits through a RIL population and first QTL detection of root related trait (root length) in sesame. These findings will provide new genetic resources for molecular improvement of drought tolerance and candidate gene identification in sesame.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SUBSTRATES ON ROOTING OF STEM CUTTINGS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES Clematis socialis

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 875d-875
Author(s):  
C. N. Johnson ◽  
D. J. Eakes ◽  
L. L. Bruner ◽  
A. N. Wright ◽  
J. L Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Root Quality

Clematis socialis Kral, also known as the Alabama Leatherflower, is an endangered species with only six known populations in northeast Alabama and northwest Georgia. Cutting propagation of the species would be beneficial for establishing additional self-sustaining populations and providing genetic material for future hybridization. A study conducted in 2000 and 2004 determined the effects of four nonamended substrates on root initiation and growth, as well as survival of C. socialis stem cuttings. Of the four substrates tested, including sand, perlite, vermiculite, and 1:1:1 (by volume) peat (P): pine bark (PB): sand (S), cutting survival was highest in sand in both 2000 and 2004. In 2000, sand also produced the longest roots and highest root quality. Vermiculite produced the longest and most roots and highest root quality in the 2004 study. In 2004, cuttings rooted in fine-particled substrates, such as sand and vermiculite, had higher cutting survival, root growth, root number, and root quality than those rooted in perlite and 1:1:1 (by volume) P:PB:S. The 1:1:1 P:PB:S substrate produced the lowest averages for all data collected in both the 2000 and 2004 studies. Sand was among the two highest performing media in both years, regardless of differences in IBA concentration, misting times, and environmental conditions, making it the overall best substrate for rooting C. socialis stem cuttings. Increasing the concentration of IBA in the rooting solution, providing a cooler environment, and decreasing the number and duration of misting cycles the cuttings received increased cutting survival, root length, root number, and root quality for all four substrates from 2000 to 2004.

scholarly journals Effects of Phytohormones and Alternative Sources on the Propagation of Ternstroemia cameroonensis Cheek. by Marcotting in the Lebialem Highlands, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Francoline Jong Nkemnkeng ◽  
Mendi Grace Anjah ◽  
Walter Ndam Tacham ◽  
Christiana Ngyete Nyikob Mbogue ◽  
Victor-François Nguetsop
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Alternative Sources

Marcotting is a method of vegetative propagation which still finds its relevance in the present day forest management and routine practice to produce viable seedlings for the regeneration of Ternstroemia cameroonensis. There is dearth of information regarding the propagation of T. cameroonensis by marcotting. Hence effects of phytohormone application (Indole-3-acetc acid, Indole-3-butyric acid) and alternative sources (coconut water) on the propagation of T. cameroonensis by marcotting were investigated in the Lebialem Highlands. Mortality rates, number of roots, root length as well as marcotts position in the crown was evaluated. The propagation trials were carried under natural environmental conditions. Marcotts had an overall survival percentage of 35.41%. Those established at the middle of the crown had the highest survival percentage (15.27%) followed by those at the lower (11.80 %). Also marcotts established on branches with larger diameter (4-6 cm) and shorter length (50 cm) had the highest survival percentage (20.13 and 19.44 respectively). Again marcotts treated with IBA and CW had the best performance compared to other pre-treatments. According to the result, T. cameroonensis can be amenable through marcotts. 

scholarly journals Genetic and epigenetic studies on populations of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. from contrasting environments on King George Island

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Chwedorzewska ◽  
Piotr Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Shetland Islands

Genetic and epigenetic studies on populations ofDeschampsia antarcticaDesv. from contrasting environments on King George IslandPopulations of Antarctic hairgrassDeschampsia antarcticaDesv. from King George Island exhibit variation in many traits. The reason for that is not evident and could be addressed to variable environmental conditions. Obviously, phenotypic variation could be due to stable or temporal changes in expression pattern as the result of adaptation. Stable changes could be due to mutations or site DNA methylation variation that modified expression pattern. Recently, MetAFLP approach was proposed to study such effects. A variant of methylation sensitive AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), based on the isoschizomeric combinationsAcc65I/MseI andKpnI/MseI was applied to analyze the sequence and site DNA methylation differences between twoD. antarcticapopulations exhibiting morphological dissimilarities. Both DNA sequence mutations and site methylation pattern alternations were detected among and within analyzed populations. It is assumed that such changes might have originated as the response to environmental conditions that induced site methylation alternations leading to phenotypic variation ofD. antarcticapopulations from South Shetland Islands.

scholarly journals Response to nitrogen and salinity in Rhizophora mangle propagules varies by maternal family and population of origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Richards ◽  
Kristen L Langanke ◽  
Jeannie Mounger ◽  
Gordon A Fox ◽  
David B Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
N Level ◽  
Maximum Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Factorial

Many coastal foundation plant species thrive across a range of environmental conditions, often displaying dramatic phenotypic variation in response to environmental variation. We characterized the response of propagules from six populations of the foundation species Rhizophora mangle L. to full factorial combinations of two levels of salt (15 ppt and 45 ppt) reflecting the range of salinity measured in the field populations, and two levels of nitrogen (N; no addition and amended at approximately 3 mg N per pot each week) equivalent to comparing ambient N to a rate of addition of 75 kg per hectare per year. The response to increasing salt included significant plasticity in succulence. Propagules also showed plasticity in maximum photosynthetic rate in response to N amendment, but the responses depended on the level of salt and varied by population of origin. Generally, survival was lower in high salt and high N, but the impact varied among populations. Overall, this study revealed significant phenotypic plasticity in response to salt and N level. Propagules from different populations differed in all traits measured. Variation in phenotypic plasticity and propagule survival in R. mangle may contribute to adaptation to a complex mosaic of environmental conditions and response to climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document