scholarly journals Photoperiodism in the Genus Oryza : IX. Combinations of plant age, day length and accumulation effect of short day condition(1)

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Tadao C. KATAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Age ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Accumulation Effect ◽  
Genus Oryza

scholarly journals Managing flowering time in Miscanthus and sugarcane to facilitate intra- and intergeneric crosses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0240390
Author(s):  
Hongxu Dong ◽  
Lindsay V. Clark ◽  
Xiaoli Jin ◽  
Kossonou Anzoua ◽  
Larisa Bagmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Short Days

Miscanthus is a close relative of Saccharum and a potentially valuable genetic resource for improving sugarcane. Differences in flowering time within and between Miscanthus and Saccharum hinders intra- and interspecific hybridizations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted over three years to determine how to synchronize flowering time of Saccharum and Miscanthus genotypes. We found that day length was an important factor influencing when Miscanthus and Saccharum flowered. Sugarcane could be induced to flower in a central Illinois greenhouse using supplemental lighting to reduce the rate at which days shortened during the autumn and winter to 1 min d-1, which allowed us to synchronize the flowering of some sugarcane genotypes with Miscanthus genotypes primarily from low latitudes. In a complementary growth chamber experiment, we evaluated 33 Miscanthus genotypes, including 28 M. sinensis, 2 M. floridulus, and 3 M. ×giganteus collected from 20.9° S to 44.9° N for response to three day lengths (10 h, 12.5 h, and 15 h). High latitude-adapted M. sinensis flowered mainly under 15 h days, but unexpectedly, short days resulted in short, stocky plants that did not flower; in some cases, flag leaves developed under short days but heading did not occur. In contrast, for M. sinensis and M. floridulus from low latitudes, shorter day lengths typically resulted in earlier flowering, and for some low latitude genotypes, 15 h days resulted in no flowering. However, the highest ratio of reproductive shoots to total number of culms was typically observed for 12.5 h or 15 h days. Latitude of origin was significantly associated with culm length, and the shorter the days, the stronger the relationship. Nearly all entries achieved maximal culm length under the 15 h treatment, but the nearer to the equator an accession originated, the less of a difference in culm length between the short-day treatments and the 15 h day treatment. Under short days, short culms for high-latitude accessions was achieved by different physiological mechanisms for M. sinensis genetic groups from the mainland in comparison to those from Japan; for mainland accessions, the mechanism was reduced internode length, whereas for Japanese accessions the phyllochron under short days was greater than under long days. Thus, for M. sinensis, short days typically hastened floral induction, consistent with the expectations for a facultative short-day plant. However, for high latitude accessions of M. sinensis, days less than 12.5 h also signaled that plants should prepare for winter by producing many short culms with limited elongation and development; moreover, this response was also epistatic to flowering. Thus, to flower M. sinensis that originates from high latitudes synchronously with sugarcane, the former needs day lengths >12.5 h (perhaps as high as 15 h), whereas that the latter needs day lengths <12.5 h.

scholarly journals Effects of Photoperiodism and Other Factors on the Improvement of Pigeonpea Varieties

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
Arturo Riollano
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Length Of Day ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Late Variety ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Studies on the effects of photoperiodism and other factors were conducted to obtain information which might be useful in a breeding program with pigeonpeas. The information was sought for accelerating this work in a region where extremes of day-length vary by only 2 hours because of its location in latitude 18°. By shortening the length of day to 8 hours through the use of a darkroom, and planting during the month of February, it was possible to induce flower formation 4 months earlier in two early varieties and 7 weeks earlier in a late variety. However, this short-day treatment did not appreciably affect the time of flower induction in an all-season, or "Totiempo" variety. One-gallon tin-can containers and 10-inch polyethylene bags were found satisfactory for growing pigeonpea plants of different varieties.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid flower formation and stem elongation in Silene armeria.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
S.J. Wellensiek
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Silene Armeria

Several selected S. armeria lines differing in their reaction to GA3 were treated with GA3 at various concentrations under short-day (SD) or long-day conditions. With SD treatment one application of GA3 at high concentration (10 000 p.p.m. or greater) induced flower formation in certain lines. Stem elongation increased with GA3 concentration and with plant age and was much greater on flowering plants than on non-flowering ones. [For previous related work see HcA 41, 4400.]. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Increasing photoperiod stimulates the initiation of spring migratory behaviour and physiology in a facultative migrant, the pine siskin

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Robart ◽  
Mali M. K. McGuire ◽  
Heather E. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Test ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Migratory Restlessness ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Short Day

The transition to a migratory state involves coordinated changes in physiology and behaviour. In species with regular, predictable (obligate) migrations, increasing day length triggers the expression of a spring migratory state and androgens play an important role in stimulating its development. By contrast, we know little about the environmental cues and endocrine mechanisms that regulate migration in species with less predictable (facultative) migrations. Here, we tested whether photoperiod stimulates a migratory state in a facultative nomadic migrant, the pine siskin ( Spinus pinus ). We exposed wintering birds to either a naturally increasing or short-day photoperiod and measured physiological and behavioural changes indicative of a migratory state. We also examined changes in circulating hormones that may play a role in the migratory transition. Natural-day, but not short-day, birds displayed physiological preparations for migration, including increases in fat deposition, and showed increased levels of migratory restlessness. We found no evidence for a role of corticosterone in the migratory transition, but testosterone may be important. This study is the first experimental test of the role of photoperiod in regulating facultative migration and demonstrates that the predictive cue used by many obligate migrants to time spring migration is also important in a facultative migrant.

scholarly journals Day-Length Control of Inflorescence Initiation in the Grass Rottboellia Exaltata L.F.

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Evans
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Days

R. exaltata is a strict short�day plant with a critical photoperiod of about 13 hr. The number of short days required for inflorescence initiation varies with age, being 6 with plants 5 weeks old. Exposure to additional short days increases the rate of inflorescence development. The expanding leaf is the one most sensitive to short.day induction and removal of the leaves below it accelerates inflorescence development.

The effect of failure in extended and intermittent photoperiodic lighting on the growth of white spruce container seedlings

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Arnott ◽  
C. S. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Usual Definition ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Definition Of

White spruce seedlings (seed source, 58°50′ N) were grown in a container nursery at Victoria, B.C. (48°28′ N) under the following two photoperiod regimes: (i) natural day length artifically extended to 18 h (120 lx from an incandescent source); (ii) natural day length with dark period interruption for 2.5 min every 30 min (120 lx from an incandescent source). Beginning on July 17, 12 weeks after sowing, batches of seedlings experienced a simulated failure of the lighting systems of from 0 to 9 nights. Although the reduced photoperiod did not fit the usual definition of a short day, failure of the lighting system in (i) and (ii) caused significant reductions in seedling shoot length and dry weight and a significant increase in root dry weight.

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