scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Ashitaba (Angelica Keiskei) on Mutagenic Test, Single and 13-Weeks Oral Toxicity Tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Hiromu OHNOGI ◽  
Shoko HAYAMI ◽  
Yoko KUDO ◽  
Shigetoshi MIZUTANI ◽  
Tatsuji ENOKI
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Angelica Keiskei

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lu ◽  
Wen Zhao ◽  
Wei-Hsien Liu ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Hanghang Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Consumer Concerns ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Dose Dependent

Probiotics have been reported to play a major role in maintaining the balance of microbiota in host. Consumption of food with probiotics has increased with consumer concerns regarding healthy diets and wellness. Correspondingly, safety evaluation of probiotics for human consumption has become increasingly important in food industry. Herein, we aimed to test the safety of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 strains in vitro and in vivo. In results, these strains were found to be negative for mucin degradation and platelet aggregation test. Additionally, the three strains were susceptible to eight antibiotics. In accordance with bacterial reversion mutation (Ames) assay, the tested strains had no genetic mutagenicity. Finally, it was confirmed that there were no dose-dependent mortality and toxicity throughout multidose oral toxicity tests in rats. Our findings demonstrated that B. lactis BL-99 and L. paracasei K56 and ET-22 can achieve the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status as probiotics in the future.

scholarly journals Safety assessment of essential oils from Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) fruit from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 3865-3876
Author(s):  
Raphael Chukwuma Ekeanyanwu ◽  
Nnaemeka Emmanuel Mgbedo ◽  
Alvan Tochukwu Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
High Dose Level ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

Introduction: The essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica fruits have been reported to possess numerous biochemical effects. However, no toxicological data is available regarding the safety evaluation of the essential oils from the plant spice. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of essential oils from X. aethiopica (XAEO) fruit by acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies in experimental rodents. Methods: In assessing the safety of XAEO, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests were performed following OECD guidelines 425 and 407, respectively, with slight modifications. At the end of each test, hematological and biochemical analysis of the collected blood was performed. Histopathological examination of vital organs of the animals was conducted for gross findings and for comparison to controls. Results: In acute oral toxicity, signs of toxicity were observed in the initial period of the experiment which culminated in the death of the mice before the end of the experiment. The sub-acute test observations indicated that generally, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) up to the high dose level compared to the controls. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the tolerability of XAEO administered daily for 28 days up to 450 mg/kg dose.

Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Assessment of a Standardized Polyherbal Preparation POL-6 in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Lalit Sharma ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Girdhari L. Gupta ◽  
Gopal Singh Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Hematobiochemical Parameters

Background: A standardized polyherbal preparation (POL-6) containing six plant extracts Hypericum perforatum, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum and Camellia sinesis have good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. The present study was carried out to evaluate the safety profile of POL-6 through acute and subacute oral toxicity models in Wistar rats. Methods: In acute safety evaluation, a single dose of 2000mg/kg of POL-6 was given orally to five rats and was observed for 14 days. In subacute safety evaluation POL-6 at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg was given orally to the rats once a day for 28 days. The animals were observed for the signs of toxicity and mortality during the study period. Results: In acute toxicity evaluation, POL-6 treatment did not show any toxic signs and mortality in animals during the observation period. In subacute toxicity studies, no changes were seen in any of the dose levels of POL-6 treatment during the total body weights, organ weights and hematobiochemical parameters examination of the rats. No lesions were seen during the gross/histopathological examination. Conclusion: The study revealed that administration of POL-6 for 28 days showed no significant treatment generated toxic effects in the animals, hence it can be considered as non-toxic if it is ingested in a time not greater than a month.

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of syringic acid: subacute oral toxicity studies in Wistar rats

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e02129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwarbaig C. Mirza ◽  
Shital S. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies

scholarly journals 2: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Ricinoleate

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-739 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Patch Tests

Glyceryl Ricinoleate is the monoester of glycerol and ricinoleic acid. Castor oil contains 87–90% Glycerol Ricinoleate. Ricinoleic acid is metabolized by both β-oxidation and α-oxidation. Acute oral toxicity tests in mice indicated that Glyceryl Ricinoleate has an LD50 greater than 25.0 ml/kg and is, at most, mildly irritating to unrinsed rabbit eyes. This ingredient was not a primary skin irritant. Castor oil was nonmutagenic by the Ames test. Ricinoleic acid was not a carcinogen when tested in mice. In human single-insult occlusive patch tests, no indication of skin irritation potential was observed in the two products containing 5.6% Glyceryl Ricinoleate. The available data on Glyceryl Ricinoleate were insufficient to determine whether this ingredient, under each relevant condition of use, was either safe or not safe. The types of data required before a decision can be made include: (1) 28 day chronic dermal toxicity in guinea pigs, and (2) clinical sensitization and photosensitization studies (or an appropriate ultraviolet spectrum instead of the photosensitization data).

scholarly journals Evaluation of In-Package Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma Treatment as an Intervention Technology for Decontaminating Bulk Ready-To-Eat Chicken Breast Cubes in Plastic Containers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Song Lee ◽  
Chan-Ick Cheigh ◽  
Joo Hyun Kang ◽  
Seung Young Lee ◽  
Sea C. Min
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge

This article evaluates the effects of in-package atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (ADCP) treatment on microbial inactivation, nitrate and nitrite contents, oral toxicity, and storage quality of protein-coated boiled chicken breast cubes (CBCs). ADCP treatment at 24 kV for 3 min inactivated natural mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Salmonella, and Tulane virus in CBCs by 0.7 ± 0.2, 1.4 ± 0.1 log CFU/cube, and 1.1 ± 0.2 log PFU/cube, respectively. ADCP treatment did not affect the nitrite content of CBCs (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the hematological and blood biochemical parameters from toxicity tests indicated the toxicological safety of ADCP-treated CBCs. Microbial counts of natural bacteria and Salmonella in ADCP-treated CBCs were lower than the ADCP-untreated CBCs by 0.7–0.9 and 1.4–1.7 log CFU/cube, respectively, throughout post-treatment storage at 4 °C for 21 d. ADCP treatment did not alter the pH, color, total volatile basic nitrogen, lipid oxidation, and tenderness of CBCs during storage at 4 and 24 °C, and did not change the sensory properties of CBCs following a 3 d storage period at 4 °C (p > 0.05). Thus, ADCP treatment has the potential to be applied as a method to increase the microbiological safety of packaged ready-to-eat chicken products, leading to overall toxicological safety.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Use of Zebrafish Feeding Trials for the Safety Evaluation of Genetically Modified Crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Gabriëls ◽  
Lucia Vergauwen ◽  
Marthe De Boevre ◽  
Stefan Van Dongen ◽  
Ronny Blust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gm Crop ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Response Variation

In Europe, the toxicological safety of genetically modified (GM) crops is routinely evaluated using rodent feeding trials, originally designed for testing oral toxicity of chemical compounds. We aimed to develop and optimize methods for advancing the use of zebrafish feeding trials for the safety evaluation of GM crops, using maize as a case study. In a first step, we evaluated the effect of different maize substitution levels. Our results demonstrate the need for preliminary testing to assess potential feed component-related effects on the overall nutritional balance. Next, since a potential effect of a GM crop should ideally be interpreted relative to the natural response variation (i.e., the range of biological values that is considered normal for a particular endpoint) in order to assess the toxicological relevance, we established natural response variation datasets for various zebrafish endpoints. We applied equivalence testing to calculate threshold equivalence limits (ELs) based on the natural response variation as a method for quantifying the range within which a GM crop and its control are considered equivalent. Finally, our results illustrate that the use of commercial control diets (CCDs) and null segregant (NS) controls (helpful for assessing potential effects of the transformation process) would be valuable additions to GM safety assessment strategies.

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