Effects of Row Pattern Configurations and Reduced (1/2×) and Full Rates (1×) of Imazapic and Diclosulam for Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) in Peanut

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. Besler ◽  
W James Grichar ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
Robert G. Lemon ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Enhanced Yield

Field studies were conducted from 2000 to 2002 to evaluate yellow nutsedge control and peanut yield when diclosulam and imazapic were applied at the rate recommended by the manufacturer (1×) and reduced (1/2×) rates in single and twin-row planting patterns. In 2001, both diclosulam and imazapic applied to the twin-row pattern at the full and reduced rate provided better yellow nutsedge control than herbicide applications to the single-row spacing. Because of excessive rainfall in 2002, yellow nutsedge control was considerably reduced with all treatments. Imazapic at the full rate (71 g/ha) controlled yellow nutsedge 80 to 96% in the twin-row pattern, and 79 to 86% in single-row spacings. Yellow nutsedge control was less than 65% when diclosulam and imazapic were applied at the reduced rate. The twin-row configuration yielded higher than the single-row pattern when averaged across herbicides in 1 yr. All herbicide treatments enhanced yield relative to the nontreated control, except the reduced rate of imazapic in 2002. This study revealed that to fully maximize yellow nutsedge control, the full rate of either imazapic or diclosulam should be applied to peanuts planted in a single or twin-row spacing. However, these treatments may not necessarily increase peanut yields.

scholarly journals Weed Control and Peanut Tolerance with Ethalfluralin-Based Herbicide Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
P. A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Devil’S Claw ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field studies were conducted from 2007 through 2009 to determine weed efficacy and peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) response to herbicide systems that included ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated. Control of devil's claw (Proboscidea louisianica(Mill.) Thellung), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.), and puncturevine (Tribulus terrestrisL.) was most consistent with ethalfluralin followed by either imazapic or imazethapyr applied postemergence. Peanut stunting was 19% when paraquat alone was applied early-postemergence. Stunting increased to greater than 30% when ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated was followed byS-metolachlor applied preemergence and paraquat applied early-postemergence. Stunting (7%) was also observed when ethalfluralin was followed by flumioxazin plusS-metolachlor applied preemergence with lactofen applied mid-postemergence. Ethalfluralin followed by paraquat applied early-postemergence reduced peanut yield when compared to the nontreated check. Ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated followed by imazapic applied mid-postemergence provided the greatest yield (6220 kg/ha). None of the herbicide treatments reduced peanut grade (sound mature kernels plus sound splits) when compared with the nontreated check.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Competitive Nature

Field studies were conducted from 1986 through 1988 to evaluate various herbicides for yellow nutsedge control and peanut yields. Three applications of pyridate provided control comparable to two applications of bentazon with yellow nutsedge regrowth beginning 3 to 4 wk after application depending on moisture conditions. Crop oil concentrate did not improve the activity of pyridate. Flurtamone provided control comparable with that of metolachlor. Nutsedge control with fomesafen was erratic with peanut injury noted. Peanut yields did not reflect the competitive nature of nutsedge.

The Influence of Weed Management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble on Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Mark M. Loux
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Wheat Stubble

The objectives of this study were to determine how the timing of weed management treatments in winter wheat stubble affects weed control the following season and to determine if spring herbicide rates in corn can be reduced with appropriately timed stubble management practices. Field studies were conducted at two sites in Ohio between 1993 and 1995. Wheat stubble treatments consisted of glyphosate (0.84 kg ae/ha) plus 2,4-D (0.48 kg ae/ha) applied in July, August, or September, or at all three timings, and a nontreated control. In the following season, spring herbicide treatments consisted of a full rate of atrazine (1.7 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (2.8 kg ai/ha) preemergence, a half rate of these herbicides, or no spring herbicide treatment. Across all locations, a postharvest treatment of glyphosate plus 2,4-D followed by alachlor plus atrazine at half or full rates in the spring controlled all broadleaf weeds, except giant ragweed, at least 88%. Giant foxtail control at three locations was at least 83% when a postharvest glyphosate plus 2,4-D treatment was followed by spring applications of alachlor plus atrazine at half or full rates. Weed control in treatments without alachlor plus atrazine was variable, although broadleaf control from July and August glyphosate plus 2,4-D applications was greater than from September applications. Where alachlor and atrazine were not applied, August was generally the best timing of herbicide applications to wheat stubble for reducing weed populations the following season.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) as Influenced by Method of Metolachlor Application

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn ◽  
Paul A. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Field studies conducted from 1989 through 1991 evaluated methods of metolachlor application including POST followed by irrigation for yellow nutsedge control and peanut response. Metolachlor PPI stunted peanut in two of three years while metolachlor applied at emergence, 10, 20, or 30 days after peanut emergence (DAE) caused no peanut injury. Metolachlor 20 DAE provided > 95% yellow nutsedge control. Metolachlor soil-applied and again POST controlled yellow nutsedge at least 70%; however, some peanut stunting was noted. Bentazon plus metolachlor at 2.24 kg ai/ha controlled yellow nutsedge at least 92% when applied 30 DAE. Peanut yields were consistently the highest with metolachlor PRE at 1.40 kg ai/ha followed by a POST application of 1.40 kg ai/ha at 45 DAE.

Yellow Nutsedge Control and Reduced Tuber Production withS-metolachlor, Halosulfuron plus Dicamba, and Glyphosate in Furrow-Irrigated Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Felix ◽  
George Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Yellow nutsedge is an important weed problem in furrow-irrigated fields in the Treasure Valley of eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho. Field studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of PPIS-metolachlor or EPTC followed by POST halosulfuron and dicamba plus glyphosate or glyphosate alone on foliar yellow nutsedge control and tuber production in corn. Corn plant height at 8 and 24 d after treatment (DAT) was reduced 20 and 17%, respectively, in POST herbicides alone compared with PPI plus POST herbicide treatments. Yellow nutsedge control at 8 DAT averaged 78% for treatments that included PPI application of EPTC orS-metolachlor 1,600 g ai ha−1followed by halosulfuron plus dicamba (35 plus 155 g ha−1or 70 plus 310 g ha−1) plus glyphosate 785 g ha−1compared with POST treatments alone (49%). The control at 24 DAT was 84% for treatments that contained halosulfuron plus dicamba compared with 73% for POST glyphosate alone. Yellow nutsedge tubers were reduced 56 to 68% among treatments at the end of 2008. Tuber reduction in 2009 was greater with treatments that included PPI herbicides followed by sequential halosulfuron plus dicamba (35 plus 155 g ha−1) plus glyphosate compared with glyphosate alone. Corn yield reflected the level of yellow nutsedge control and early-season weed interference. Treatments that included PPI herbicides had an average yield of 8.2 T ha−1compared with 6.6 T ha−1with sequential glyphosate alone. There was a correlation between percent foliar control and the number of yellow nutsedge tubers produced at the end of each year. Application of PPI herbicides followed by POST halosulfuron plus dicamba (35 plus 155 g ha−1or 70 plus 155 g ha−1) plus glyphosate improved yellow nutsedge control, reduced early corn–weed competition, and produced the highest corn yield under furrow-irrigated conditions.

Combined Use of PGPR and Reduced Rates of Azoxystrobin to Improve Management of Sheath Blight of Rice

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Gen (Shane) Zhou ◽  
K. Vijay Krishna Kumar ◽  
Linda W. Zhou ◽  
M. S. Reddy ◽  
Joseph W. Kloepper
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Reduced Rate

Farmers heavily rely on the use of strobilurin fungicides to manage sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, the most important disease in rice in the southern United States. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the potential use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in combination with a reduced rate of azoxystrobin as a strategy to improve the current fungicide-reliant management. Of the nine antagonistic PGPR strains screened in the greenhouse, Bacillus subtilis strain MBI600 provided the most significant and consistent suppression of ShB. Efficacy of strain MBI600 was further evaluated at the concentrations of zero, 103, 106, 109, and 1011 CFU/ml alone or in combinations with zero, 17, 33, 50, 67, 83, and 100% of the recommended rate (0.16 kg a.i./ha) of azoxystrobin. Strain MBI600 applied at 106,109, and 1011 CFU/ml alone was effective in reducing ShB severity. Combinations of this strain at these rates with 33% or more of the recommended rate of azoxystrobin further reduced ShB severity. A dose response model defining the relationships between strain MBI600, azoxystrobin, and ShB severity was established. Estimates of the effective concentrations, EC50 and EC90, of strain MBI600 when applied in combination with 50% of the recommended rate of azoxystrobin were 104 and 109 CFU/ml, respectively. A field trial was conducted over 4 years to verify the efficacy of their combinations. Strain MBI600 alone, when applied at 109 CFU/ml at the boot stage, reduced ShB severity but did not significantly increase grain yields each year. Combination of strain MBI600 with azoxystrobin at the half-recommended rate improved efficacy of strain MBI600, reducing ShB severity to a level comparable to that of azoxystrobin applied at the full rate in all four years. The combined treatment also increased grain yield by 14 to 19% comparable to the fungicide applied at the full rate in 3 of 4 years. Combined use of PGPR strain MBI600 with a reduced rate of azoxystrobin can be a viable management option for control of ShB while allowing producers to use less fungicide on rice.

Control of Yellow Nutsedge(Cyperus esculentus)and Other Weeds Before Summer Planting of Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Linscott ◽  
R. D. Hagin ◽  
T. Tharawanich
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Better Than

After land was plowed in the spring and prepared for planting, yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) was allowed to develop to heights of 10 to 12 and 20 to 25 cm. Either glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) was applied to emerged yellow nutsedge and other annual weeds at rates of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kg/ha. Half of the plots were double-disked 3 days after herbicide applications, and then all plots were planted with alfalfa(Medicago sativaL. ‘Cayuga’). Disking alone and application of glyphosate or paraquat alone did not satisfactorily control all weeds. However, the combination of a herbicide and disking controlled weeds enough to allow excellent establishment of alfalfa. In the year after establishment, the first cutting yields from the better combination treatments ranged from 3000 to 4400 kg/ha, which is normal for mid- to late-summer plantings in the region. Glyphosate was better than paraquat for control of grass weeds. Paraquat approached glyphosate in effectiveness when a supplemental disking treatment was added. Disking was as effective as the herbicide treatments for control of yellow nutsedge but not for control of broadleaf or annual grass weeds.

Imidazolinone Herbicide Systems for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
Gerald Wiley ◽  
F. Robert Walls ◽  
Stan R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Abstract Field studies conducted in 1990 and 1991 at five locations in Georgia and one location in Virginia in 1991 evaluated imazethapyr [2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] and AC 263,222 [(±)-2[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] for weed control, peanut tolerance, and yield. Imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) controlled smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb], Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.) greater than 90%. Imazethapyr did not control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW.) DC.] or sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) adequately, with control generally less than 40%. AC 263,222 controlled Florida beggarweed greater than 92% when applied EPOST and from 54 to 100% when applied postemergence (POST). Imazethapyr applied preplant incorporated (PPI) controlled bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidium DC.) 89% and imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied EPOST controlled at least 96%. Imazethapyr controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) 83% when applied PPI and 93% as an EPOST application. AC 263,222 controlled yellow nutsedge at least 90%. Peanut yields were higher with AC 263,222 than with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr systems that included alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), lactofen ([(±)2-ethoxy-l-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate] + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid], paraquat [1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion] + 2,4-DB, pyridate [O-(6-chloro-3-phenyl-4-pyridazinyl)-S-octyl carbonothioate] + 2,4-DB, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide], or 2,4-DB provided yields equivalent to AC 263,222.

Barriers Prevent Emergence of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Annual Plasticulture Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Maren J. Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Hand Weeding

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in plasticulture strawberry because herbicides and fumigants currently used in California provide little to no control and because nutsedge shoots easily penetrate standard low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch to rapidly establish and compete with the crop. Field studies were conducted at two California locations near Oxnard and Camarillo from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate yellow nutsedge control with physical barriers. Nutsedge germinated in both autumn and spring through LDPE mulch alone, but paper placed between two layers of standard 0.15-mm black LDPE mulch, weed barrier fabric commonly used in landscapes placed under LDPE mulch, and Tyvek Home Wrap placed under LDPE mulch suppressed nutsedge emergence. In 1 yr, the size of strawberry plants grown with weed barrier fabric was reduced 23% compared with the other treatments and the number of marketable fruit in the third month of harvest was reduced 20% compared with LDPE mulch alone, likely because inadequately cut planting holes in this barrier restricted plant growth. Estimated costs for barrier treatments ranged from $5,000 to $12,000 ha−1compared with estimated hand-weeding costs of up to $24,000 ha−1. In 2007 to 2008 barrier treatments reduced the number of wind-dispersed weeds that commonly land and germinate in strawberry planting holes 67% compared with LDPE mulch alone. Removing the barriers at the end of the two seasons revealed that nutsedge plants sprouted but failed to grow and produce new tubers under the barriers. This observation suggests that nutsedge-impermeable barriers may aid in depletion of the soil tuber bank and therefore can be an effective tool in managing nutsedge for the length of the growing season.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Interference in Soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Randall L. Smoot
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Field Research ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Year 2000

Field research was conducted in 2000 and 2001 to determine the effect of yellow nutsedge emergence timing and plant density on soybean yield and on yellow nutsedge propagation the following year. Yellow nutsedge tubers were planted at 0-, 7.5- (13/m2), 15- (8.6/m2), 30- (4.3/m2), 60- (2.2/m2), and 90-cm (1.5/m2) in-row spacings with soybean. Yellow nutsedge densities from 2.2 to 13 plants/m2in a high-yield year (2000) and 4.3 to 13 plants/m2in a low-yield year (2001) reduced grain yields 9 to 34%. In a separate experiment, tubers were planted 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after planting at a 15-cm (8.6/m2) in-row spacing. Seedlings that emerged with the crop and until 2 wk after planting reduced yield 9 to 11%. Yellow nutsedge densities from 1.5 to 13 plants/m2contributed to significant aboveground biomass production, even with a competitive crop, such as soybean. For every gram of aboveground yellow nutsedge biomass produced in the fall, there were more than four shoots present the following spring.

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