Planting Date, Mulch, and Herbicide Rate Effects on the Growth, Yield, and Physicochemical Properties of Menthol Mint (Mentha Arvensis)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Singh ◽  
Swaran S. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch

Field experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to study the effect of date of planting, herbicide, and straw mulch on menthol mint yield and oil quality in northwest India. Menthol mint was planted at three dates (December 10, December 30, and January 20). Diuron was applied prior to emergence at rates of 0.0, 0.4, and 0.6 kg ai/ha, with and without rice straw mulch (6 t/ha). Menthol mint planted on December 30 and January 20 produced more plantlets and dry matter than the December 10 planting. Menthol mint planted on December 10 had higher weed density and weed biomass, and lower menthol mint herbage and oil yield than the later planting dates. Straw mulch application reduced weed density and weed biomass, and increased plantlet population, menthol mint dry matter accumulation, fresh herbage, and menthol mint oil yield. Preemergence (PRE) applications of diuron at 0.4 and 0.6 kg ai/ha increased menthol mint population and crop dry matter accumulation, and decreased weed density and weed biomass compared to the weedy check. Diuron at 0.6 kg/ha increased fresh herbage and menthol mint oil yield over the untreated weedy check, but there were no other differences between the two rates of diuron. Physicochemical properties of menthol mint oil were not affected by any of the three tested factors.

scholarly journals Different Rates of Chicken Manure and NPK 15-15-15 Enhanced Performance of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Ferruginous Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. I. Abumere ◽  
O. A. Dada ◽  
A. G. Adebayo ◽  
F. R. Kutu ◽  
A. O. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Npk Fertilizers

Utilization of adequate fertilizer rate enhances soil physical and chemical properties, minimizes soil nutrient imbalance, and promotes better crop growth and development. The study investigated the influence of varying rates of chicken manure and NPK fertilizers as it affected growth, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and oil yield of sunflower on nutrient-limiting soil. Field experiments were carried out during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons for both main and residual studies. There were eight treatments comprising four rates of chicken manure (5, 10, 15, and 20 t·ha−1), three rates of NPK (30, 60, and 90 kg·N·ha−1), and control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth, yield, dry matter and proximate, nutrient uptake concentration, and oil content were determined following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and means were compared with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at p≤0.05. Performance of sunflower was superior on the field fertilized with 10 t·ha−1 chicken manure which was comparable to 90 kg·N·ha−1 NPK fertilizer. Sunflower seed yield and oil quality were superior in plots supplied with 10 t·ha−1 chicken manure which was comparable to 60 kg·N·ha−1 NPK. Growth, yield, dry matter, and proximate content were least in the unfertilized plots.

scholarly journals Growth, yield and nutrient content of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to INM in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubaraj Dhakal ◽  
RS Meena ◽  
Nirmal De ◽  
SK Verma ◽  
Ajeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Significant improvement in LAI, number of trifoliate, SPAD value of green leaf chlorophyll, dry matter accumulation, yield, harvest index (%) and nutrient content of mungbean were recorded due to application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha vermicompost (VC) + Rhizobium (Rh)+ phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB), followed by 100% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC and 100% RDF + Rh + PSB. The highest seed yield of mungbean was obtained with the application of 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC + Rh + PSB (12.34 q /ha) followed by 100% RDF + 2.5 t/ha VC (12.05 q /ha) and 100% RDF + Rh+ PSB (11.95 q /ha).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POULTRY MANURE AND LIME AMELIORANT ON ACID-BASIC PROPERTIES OF LEACHED BLACK SOIL (CHERNOZEM) AND THE YIELD OF CROPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Н.П. Чекаев ◽  
Е.Г. Куликова ◽  
А.В. Леснов
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Experimental Plots

В статье показаны результаты трехлетних полевых опытов по изучению влияния разных доз куриного помета и известкового мелиоранта на физико-химические свойства чернозема выщелоченного и урожайность возделываемых сельскохозяйственных культур на опытных участках. В результате проведенных исследований на опытном поле ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ (Пензенская область, Мокшанский район) было выявлено, что при внесении разных доз куриного помета в последействии на второй и третий год наблюдается увеличение кислотности. Использование известкового мелиоранта снижает подкисление и повышает эффективность внесенных доз куриного помета. Применение доз куриного помета от 2 до 10 т/га из расчета на сухое вещество положительно влияли на урожайность зерна как первой культуры после внесения, так второй и третьей. Наибольшую продуктивность исследуемых культур наблюдали на вариантах с внесением от 6 до 10 т/га помета. На фоне известкования эффективность их применения увеличивалась. The article shows the results of three-year field experiments to study the effect of different doses of chicken manure and lime ameliorant on the physicochemical properties of leached chernozem and the yield of cultivated crops in the experimental plots. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of Penza State Agrarian University (Penza Region, Mokshansky District). As a result of, it was revealed that when different doses of chicken manure were applied, an aftereffect increase in acidity was observed in the second and third years. The use of a lime ameliorant reduces acidification and increases the effectiveness of the applied doses of chicken manure. The use of doses of chicken manure from 2 to 10 t/ha (dry matter) had a positive effect on the grain yield of both the first crop after application, and the second and third. The highest productivity of the studied crops was observed in the variants with the introduction of 6 to 10 t/ha of manure. Against the background of liming, the effectiveness of their application increased.

The critical weed-free period in glyphosate-resistant soybean in Ontario is similar to previous estimates using glyphosate-susceptible soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Minimal Reduction

A study consisting of 13 field experiments was conducted during 2014–2016 in southwestern Ontario and southcentral Nebraska (Clay Center) to determine the effect of late-emerging weeds on the yield of glyphosate-resistant soybean. Soybean was maintained weed-free with glyphosate (900 g ae ha−1) up to the VC (cotyledon), V1 (first trifoliate), V2 (second trifoliate), V3 (third trifoliate), V4 (fourth trifoliate), and R1 (beginning of flowering) growth stages, after which weeds were allowed to naturally infest the soybean plots. The total weed density was reduced to 24%, 63%, 67%, 72%, 76%, and 92% in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) when soybean was maintained weed-free up to the VC, V1, V2, V3, V4, and R1 soybean growth stages, respectively. The total weed biomass was reduced by 33%, 82%, 95%, 97%, 97%, and 100% in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) and 28%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in Environment 2 (Clay Center) when soybean was maintained weed-free up to the VC, V1, V2, V3, V4, and R1 stages, respectively. The critical weed-free periods for a 2.5%, 5%, and 10% yield loss in soybean were the V1–V2, VC–V1, and VC–V1 soybean stages in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) and V2–V3, V2–V3, and V1–V2 soybean stages in Environment 2 (Clay Center), respectively. For the weed species evaluated, there was a minimal reduction in weed biomass (5% or less) when soybean was maintained weed-free beyond the V3 soybean growth stage. These results shows that soybean must be maintained weed-free up to the V3 growth stage to minimize yield loss due to weed interference.

Full-season Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt W. Rowland ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
Laval M. Verhalen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield

Four field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to measure full-season Palmer amaranth interference on cotton lint yield and fiber properties. Density of the weed ranged from 0 to 12 plants 10 m−1of row. Cotton lint yield vs. weed density fit a linear model for densities ⩽ 8 weeds row−1at Perkins and Chickasha in 1996 and at Alms in 1997. At Perkins in 1997, all densities fit a linear model. For each increase of 1 weed row−1, lint yield reductions were 62 kg ha−1(or 10.7%) and 58 kg ha−1(or 11.5%) at Perkins and at Chickasha in 1996, respectively. At Perkins and Alms in 1997, for each 1 weed row−1, lint yield was reduced 71 kg ha−1(or 5.9%) and 112 kg ha−1(or 8.7%), respectively. Lint yield vs. end-of-season weed volume fit a linear model except at Alms in 1997. For each increase of 1 m3of weed plot−1, cotton lint yield in 1996 was reduced by 1.6 and 1.5% at Perkins and Chickasha, respectively. In 1997 at Perkins and Altus (⩽ 6 weeds), each increase of 1 m3of weed plot−1reduced lint yield 1.6 and 2.3%, respectively. Lint yield vs. end-of-season weed biomass fit a linear model in all four experiments. Lint yield was reduced 5.2 to 9.3% for each increase of 1 kg of weed biomass plot−1. Fiber analyses revealed significant differences for micronaire (fiber fineness) among weed densities in two experiments, marginal significance in a third, and none in a fourth. An intermediate number of weeds often resulted in improved fiber micronaires in these environments. No other fiber properties were influenced by weed density.

VARIATION OF SUNFLOWER GROWTH, SOIL MOISTURE AND SOIL TEMPERATURE IN RELATION TO PLANTING PATTERNS AT A HIGH LATITUDE SITE

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Long ◽  
H. Eiszner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Deep Soil

HALLE-WITTENBERG, HALLE(SAALE), GERMANY Received: 13 June, 2001; accepted: 6 August, 2001 Field experiments were conducted at a high latitude site for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production in central Germany (51 o 24' N, 11 o 53' E) in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The responses of sunflower development to various planting patterns differed in the duration from emergence to the middle of the linear growth period as calculated via a tangent hyperbolic model F(t)=(. +ß)×tanh[. ×(t–.)]. Final dry matter accumulation showed few differences among the planting patterns: 12 plants m –2 at 50 cm row spacing at 75 cm row spacing (RS2PD2) and 4 plants m –2 at 100 cm row spacing (RS3PD1). The actual and simulated values for final dry matter were close to 1200 g m –2 . The responses of soil moisture and temperature to planting patterns changed from the upper to the deep soil layers. In a normal year, e.g. 1997, the soil water to 150 cm depth was sufficient for sunflower growth. In a drought year, e.g. 1998, soil water deeper than 150 cm was used by sunflower crops. The soil temperature was mostly lower in RS1PD3 and RS2PD2 than in RS3PD1, particularly in the upper soil, at depths of 5 and 20 cm. The most important factor defining the responses of soil moisture and temperature to planting patterns seems to be the amount of radiation penetrating the ground, which may depend on latitude, wind and row orientation.

Influence of Broadleaf Weeds on Chlorothalonil Deposition, Foliar Disease Incidence, and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Royal ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Frederick M. Shokes ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Plants

Field experiments were conducted at Jay and Marianna, FL in 1988 and 1989 to determine the effects of sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, and common cocklebur density on chlorothalonil deposition to peanut foliage, peanut foliar disease incidence, and peanut yield. At a density of four weed plants per 8 m of row, Florida beggarweed and sicklepod reduced chlorothalonil deposition on peanut foliage by 20%, while common cocklebur reduced fungicide deposition by 34%. At the same density, incidence of the foliar diseases early leaf spot and late leaf spot increased 10% with Florida beggarweed, 14% with sicklepod, and 20% with common cocklebur compared with weed-free peanut. The predicted peanut yield loss from a weed density of four plants per 8 m was 16 to 19% for Florida beggarweed, 23 to 25% for sicklepod, and 31 to 39% for common cocklebur. Weed biomass increased with increasing weed density.

Influence of Crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides) Densities on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney L. Farris ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Verbesina Encelioides

Field experiments were conducted at the Caddo Research Station near Ft. Cobb, OK and at the Agronomy Research Station near Perkins, OK to measure the effects of seven crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides) densities on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) yield. The seven densities evaluated were 0 (the weed-free check), 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 weeds/m of row. Data collected consisted of dry weed biomass and peanut yields. Correlation between weed density and dry weed biomass, dry weed biomass and peanut yield (kg/ha), dry weed biomass and peanut yield loss (percentage of check), weed density and peanut yield (kg/ha), and weed density and peanut yield loss (percentage of check) were evaluated. For each weed/m of row, dry weed biomass increased by 0.34 kg/m row. Dry weed biomass was a good predictor of peanut yield. For each kilogram of dry weed biomass/ m row, a 1900-kg/ha or 46.3% reduction in peanut yield occurred. Weed density was also a good predictor of peanut yield. A 559-kg/ha reduction or 16% increase in peanut yield loss occurred for each weed/m row. Peanut yield was reduced approximately 50% when crownbeard density increased to 3.2 weeds/m row.

scholarly journals Forecasting phenology of mustard crop in North-western Himalayas

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
Ranbir Singh Rana ◽  
Bhosale Arjun Vaijinath ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Ranu Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Simulation Modeling

Field experiments were conducted during rabiseason of 2007-08 and 2008-09 to study the phenology, thermal indices and its subsequent effect on dry matter accumulation of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) varieties viz., RCC-4, Kranti and Varuna grown under varying environmental conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The early sown (10th October) crop varieties took maximum average growing degree days for flower initiation (492±1), 50% flower-ing (682±1), pod initiation (742±1), 90% pod formation (811±4) and maturity (1394±8) which decreased with subse-quent delay in sowing time and recorded lowest under late sown (9th November) crop. The accumulated helio-thermal units and photo-thermal units decreased from 9824 to 7467 oC day hour and 19074 to 15579 oC day hour, respectively. High heat-use efficiency was obtained under late sown condition on 30th October. The heat-use efficiency (HUE) was high at 90% pod formation stage as compared to other stages in all the varieties and sowing dates (except 9th November sowing). The early sown (10th October) crop had maximum calendar days and cumula-tive pan evaporation (158 days and 448.2 mm) followed by normal (20th and 30th October) (153 days and 434 mm) and late (9th November) (138 days and 403.1 mm) sown crop indicating higher water requirement under early sow-ing. The predictive regression models explained 83-85% variation in dry matter yield in three varieties of mustard. The agro climatic indices are important determinants for temperature, radiations and photoperiods behaviors of crop. The accurate predictions of crop phenology are useful inputs for crop simulation modeling and crop management, and used for climate change assessment and simulated adaptations in present scenarios.

Growth Responses of Green and Yellow Foxtail (Setaria viridisand S.lutescens) to Shade

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Bubar ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Green Foxtail

The growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridisL. Beauv. ♯3SETVI) and yellow foxtail [S. lutescens(Weigel.) Hubb. ♯ SETLU] in full sunlight, under 55 and 73% shade and within a wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’) stand, was compared in field experiments conducted over 3 yr. Shade resulted in a proportionately greater reduction in tiller number of yellow foxtail than of green foxtail. Plants growing in full sunlight produced up to five times more tillers than those growing in the crop. Averaged over the 3 yr, the two shade treatments reduced dry-matter accumulation of both species by 40% or more. The dry weight of plants within the crop was only about one-eighth of that of plants grown in full sunlight. Under both shade treatments and in the crop, yellow foxtail was consistently taller than green foxtail. Nevertheless, no differences in dry weight occurred between species under either shade treatment or in the crop. The results indicate that neither of the two species is distinctly more shade tolerant than the other, nor better adapted to compete with wheat.

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