The Effect of Imazamox Application Timing and Rate on Imazamox Resistant Wheat Cultivars in the Pacific Northwest

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arron H. Carter ◽  
Jennifer Hansen ◽  
Thomas Koehler ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Robert S. Zemetra
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
End Use

Grass weeds are a major problem in winter wheat fields in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Control of these weeds is now enhanced with the use of imazamox resistant winter wheat cultivars, which have been rapidly adopted by wheat growers. However, the effect of spray rate and timing on crop injury and agronomic traits of wheat cultivars with different genetic backgrounds has not been adequately evaluated. Thus, experiments were conducted near Moscow and Genesee, ID in the 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of imazamox on four resistant cultivars and seven resistant breeding lines. Wheat plants were treated at the 3- to 5-leaf stage and the 3- to 7-tiller stage with 45 and 90 g ai/ha of imazamox. Visible crop injury was evaluated from 14 to 35 d after treatment (DAT). Heading date, plant height, grain yield and test weight, and end-use grain quality also were measured. The cultivar by treatment interaction was significant at 21 DAT, caused by a differential response of wheat lines to imazamox treatment. This interaction also was significant for plant height and grain yield. Although cultivars and breeding lines responded differently to imazamox treatment, two lines consistently showed the least levels (3 to 8%) of crop injury, with no reductions in plant height or grain yield following imazamox application. Orthogonal contrasts of visible crop injury at 21 DAT showed that the 2× imazamox rate caused more crop injury (12%) than the 1× rate (7%). The 2× rate of imazamox reduced plant height 1%, grain yield 8%, test weight 1%, and percent flour yield 1%. All other traits were not affected by application of imazamox. Application timing only minimally affected crop injury, and had no effect on agronomic or end-use quality traits.

scholarly journals The Proportion of Superior Grains and the Sink Strength are the Main Yield Contributors in Modern Winter Wheat Varieties Grown in the Loess Plateau of China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Sun ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Palta ◽  
Deng
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Understanding the changes in phenotype resulting from the selection pressure and agronomic adaptation of grain yield provide an indication of the pathways for future increases in grain yield. Six dry land representative winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) released from 1942 to 2004 in the Loess Plateau of China were investigated to determine how the yield components of winter wheat were associated with grain yield at the Changwu Agricultural Research Station during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 seasons, using a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Plant height, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and yield components were measured, together with the traits of superior and inferior grains and the pre-anthesis stored dry matter remobilized to the grain was determined. In the relatively wet 2011–2012 season, there was a significant increase in grain yield and aboveground biomass with the year of release, but not in the dry 2012–2013 season. The harvest index (HI) and average grain weight (AGW) increased significantly with the year of release in both cropping seasons. HI and AGW are likely potential traits for improving grain yield of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau. The increase in HI mainly resulted from the decrease in plant height, and the increase in the use of pre-anthesis stored assimilates for grain filling. The increase in AGW mainly resulted from the increase in the proportion of superior grain (SG) and the decrease in the proportion of inferior grain (IG) in the whole spike in both cropping seasons. Depending on the climatic conditions, the different winter wheat cultivars showed different ability to use pre-anthesis stored assimilates. Modern wheat cultivars had higher yield under different rainfall conditions, and high ability to use pre-anthesis stored assimilates to fill the grain than earlier released cultivars. Both, the increase in sink capacity and source availability, should be considered as a strategy for increasing future grain yield in Loess Plateau of China.

Evaluation of the phytotoxicity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and Pseudomonas brassicacearum Q8r1-96 on different wheat cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Yang ◽  
Linda S Thomashow ◽  
David M Weller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Pseudomonas Brassicacearum

Pseudomonas brassicacearum Q8r1-96 and other 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing pseudomonads of the Pseudomonas fluorescens complex possess both biocontrol and growth-promoting properties and play an important role in suppression of take-all of wheat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. However, P. brassicacearum can also reduce seed germination and cause root necrosis on some wheat cultivars. We evaluated the effect of Q8r1-96 and DAPG on the germination of 69 wheat cultivars that have been or currently are grown in the PNW. Cultivars varied widely in their ability to tolerate P. brassicacearum or DAPG. The frequency of germination of the cultivars ranged from 0 to 0.87 and from 0.47 to 0.90 when treated with Q8r1-96 and DAPG, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of germination of cultivars treated with Q8r1-96 in assays conducted in vitro and in the greenhouse. The correlation was greater for spring than for winter cultivars. In contrast, the effect of Q8r1-96 on seed germination was not correlated with that of DAPG alone, suggesting that DAPG is not the only factor responsible for the phytotoxicity of Q8r1-96. Three wheat cultivars with the greatest tolerance and three cultivars with the least tolerance to Q8r1-96 were tested for their ability to support root colonization by strain Q8r1-96. Cultivars with the greatest tolerance supported significantly greater populations of strain Q8r1-96 than those with the least tolerance to the bacteria. Our results show that wheat cultivars differ widely in their interaction with P. brassicacearum and the biocontrol antibiotic DAPG.

scholarly journals Reaction of winter wheat genotypes to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola(Fuckel) Schroeter

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-246
Author(s):  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz ◽  
Czesław Zamorski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The response of Polish winter wheat genotypes to <i>M.graminicola</i> (preliminary experiments and cultivar collections) was observed in different regions of Poland. Observations were carried out in 1995-1999. The winter wheat genotypes showed a broad spectrum of reaction to this pathogen. Between 1997 and 1999 the highest degree of infection on winter wheat breeding lines was noted in Kończewice. During this time no genotypes free from infection were observed (preliminary breeding experiments). Cultivars with no symptoms of <i>Septoria tritici</i> blotch (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) were found among old genotypes in Słupia Wielka only in earlier experiments (1995-1996). In the years 1997-1999 the winter wheat cultivars were classified into groups on the basis of their response to the pathogen. The degree of infection for the majority cultivars was quite high.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Seeding Rate on β-Glucan, Protein, and Grain Yield of Naked Food Barley in No-Till Cropping Systems in the Palouse Region of the Pacific Northwest

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Habiyaremye ◽  
Kurtis L. Schroeder ◽  
John P. Reganold ◽  
David White ◽  
Daniel Packer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Days To Heading

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a storied history as a food crop, and it has long been a dietary staple of peoples in temperate climates. Contemporary research studies have focused mostly on hulled barley for malt and animal feed. As such, nitrogen (N) and seeding rate agronomic data for naked food barley are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the effects of N on ß-glucan and protein content, and N and seeding rate on phenotypic characteristics of naked food barley, including grain yield, emergence, plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, test weight, percent plump kernels, and percent thin kernels. Experiments were conducted at two no-till farms, located in Almota, WA, and Genesee, ID, in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest from 2016 to 2018. The experiment comprised two varieties (“Havener” and “Julie”), employed N rates of 0, 62, 95, 129, and 162 kg N ha−1, and seeding rates of 250, 310, and 375 seeds/m−2. Increased N fertilization rate was shown to significantly increase all response variables, except β-glucan content of the variety Julie, days to heading, test weight, and percent plump and thin kernels. Increased N fertilization resulted in higher mean grain yield of Havener and Julie in both Almota and Genesee up to 95 kg N ha−1. Havener had higher yields (3,908 kg N ha−1) than Julie (3,099 kg N ha−1) across locations and years. Julie had higher β-glucan (8.2%) and protein (12.6%) content compared to Havener (β-glucan = 6.6%; protein = 9.1%). Our results indicate that β-glucan content is associated with genotype, environmental, and agronomic factors in dryland cropping systems of the Palouse.

scholarly journals Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosavljevic Milan ◽  
Momcolovic Vojislava ◽  
Maksimovic Ivana ◽  
Putnik-Delic Marina ◽  
Pržulj Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

Long-Term Effects of Tillage, Nitrogen, and Rainfall on Winter Wheat Yields in the Pacific Northwest

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Camara ◽  
W. A. Payne ◽  
P. E. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Pacific

Introducing Winter Canola to the Winter Wheat-Fallow Region of the Pacific Northwest

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. CM-2013-0023-RS ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
Dale K. Whaley ◽  
William L. Pan ◽  
R. Dennis Roe ◽  
J. R. Alldredge
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Winter Canola ◽  
The Pacific
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