Glyphosate-Induced Weed Shifts in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn or a Rotation of Glyphosate-Resistant Corn, Sugarbeet, and Spring Wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

A field trial was conducted for 6 yr (1998 through 2003) at Scottsbluff, NE, to measure weed shifts following multiple applications of two rates of glyphosate or alternating glyphosate with nonglyphosate treatments in continuous corn or in a crop rotation of corn, sugarbeet, and spring wheat with all three crops resistant to glyphosate. After 6 yr, plant densities of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, hairy nightshade, and common purslane increased in the crop-rotation treatment compared with continuous corn. There were four weed control subplot treatments consisting of two in-crop applications of glyphosate at 0.4 or 0.8 kg ae/ha each spring, alternating two applications of glyphosate at 0.8 kg/ha one year with a nonglyphosate treatment the next year, or a nonglyphosate treatment each year. The composition of the weed population averaged across all four treatments shifted from kochia and wild proso millet to predominately common lambsquarters. After 3 yr of using glyphosate at 0.4 kg/ha twice each year, common lambsquarters density increased compared with that in the 0.8 kg/ha rate of glyphosate or alternating glyphosate treatments. By the sixth year, the density of common lambsquarters in the glyphosate at 0.4 kg/ha treatment had increased to the extent that corn grain yield was reduced 43% compared with corn grain yield in the 0.8 kg/ha glyphosate treatment. Using glyphosate at either rate for 6 yr decreased the densities of kochia, wild proso millet, and longspine sandbur, did not alter densities of redroot pigweed and green foxtail, and increased the density of hairy nightshade. In the low-rate treatment of glyphosate, the number of common lambsquarters seeds in the seed bank were 134 seeds/kg soil in 1998, declined to 15 seeds/kg by 2002, but began to increase in 2003 as the densities of plants not controlled by glyphosate increased.

Long-term (35 years) effects of fertilization, rotation and weather on corn yields

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Drury ◽  
C. S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Long-term effects of fertilization, crop rotation and weather factors [temperature, precipitation, net radiation, maximum (potential) evapotranspiration (ET) and corn heat units (CHU)] on the sustainability of corn grain yields were investigated over 35 yr. Treatments included fertilized and unfertilized continuous com and rotation corn-oats-alfalfa-alfalfa. The fertilized rotation corn treatment produced the greatest corn grain yields (15% moisture content) with an average of 7.75 t ha−1 followed by the fertilized continuous corn treatment with 6.02 t ha−1. Fertilization increased grain yield for continuous corn treatments by 279% and increased grain yields in the rotational corn treatments by 70%. Corn grain yields increased with time with the fertilized rotation treatment, remained relatively constant with the fertilized continuous corn and decreased with the unfertilized treatments. Growing season precipitation was the only weather variable tested which was significantly related to corn grain yield. Precipitation in July was proportional to corn grain yield for all fertilized treatments. Weather variation played little role for unfertilized corn. Continuous corn production was sustained (yields did not decrease with time) when fertilizer was added. There was a considerable yield advantage with fertilized corn when grown in a rotation compared with fertilized continuous corn. Fertilization and crop rotation practices increased and buffered corn yields. Key words: Long-term, corn, yield, fertilization, rotation, weather

Application Timing for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Dicamba Tank Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Optimal application timing for dicamba–acetamide tank mixes was examined in field studies conducted in Michigan and Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995. Dicamba was tank mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, or SAN 582H and applied at planting, 7 d after planting, and 14 d after planting. Additional dicamba plus alachlor tank mixes applied at all three timings were followed by nicosulfuron postemergence to determine the effects of noncontrolled grass weeds on corn yield. Delaying application of dicamba–acetamide tank mixes until 14 d after planting often resulted in lower and less consistent giant foxtail control compared with applications at planting or 7 d after planting. Corn grain yield was reduced at one site where giant foxtail control was lower when application was delayed until 14 d after planting. Common lambsquarters control was excellent with 7 or 14 d after planting applications. At one site, common lambsquarters control and corn yield was reduced by application at planting. Dicamba–alachlor tank mixes applied 7 d after planting provided similar weed control or corn yield, while at planting and 14 d after planting applications provided less consistent weed control or corn yield than a sequential alachlor plus dicamba treatment or an atrazine-based program.

Evaluation of Application Program and Timing in Herbicide-Resistant Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Lindsey ◽  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Andrew J. Chomas ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Field studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 in East Lansing, MI to evaluate three residual herbicide programs, three POST herbicide application timings, and two POST herbicides in glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant corn. Herbicide programs included a residual PRE-applied herbicide followed by (fb) POST application (residual fb POST), a residual herbicide tank-mixed with a POST herbicide (residual + POST), and a nonresidual POST. Three POST herbicide application timings included early POST (EP), mid-POST (MP), and late POST (LP) at an average corn growth stage of V3/V4, V4/V5, and V5/V6, respectively. The two POST herbicides evaluated were glyphosate and glufosinate. Control of common lambsquarters and giant foxtail was evaluated 28 d after the LP application. Glyphosate often provided greater weed control than glufosinate. The LP application resulted in greater giant foxtail control compared with the EP application timing, which may be attributed to control of late-emerging weeds. The EP application timing improved common lambsquarters control compared with the LP application timing. The residual + POST program resulted in greater weed control compared with the residual fb POST program in all years. The effect of residual herbicide program, POST herbicide, and POST application timing on corn grain yield varied by year. In 2007, the use of glyphosate resulted in higher grain yield compared with glufosinate. In 2008, corn grain yield was the highest in the PRE fb POST program and with POST applications at EP and MP. To provide the most consistent weed control and minimize the likelihood of grain yield reductions, a PRE fb POST program applied at EP or MP is recommended.

Effect of Preplant Tillage, Post-Plant Cultivation, and Herbicides on Weed Density in Corn (Zea mays)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Corn Grain

A four-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE to evaluate the effect of different methods of preplant tillage, post-plant cultivation, and herbicides on weed density and grain yield. Ridge-till enhanced the development of kochia and reduced the density of wild proso millet and common lambsquarters. Tandem disking increased longspine sandbur and redroot pigweed density whereas moldboard plowing increased common sunflower density. Cultivation reduced weed density 86% but weeds that remained after cultivation reduced corn grain yield by 40% as compared with a hand-weeded control. Weed control treatments that integrated cultivation and herbicides controlled a broader spectrum of weed species than cultivation or herbicide treatments alone.

Postemergence herbicide application timing effects on annual grass control and corn (Zea mays) grain yield

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry S. Tapia ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Robert G. Harvey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Woolly Cupgrass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Giant foxtail, woolly cupgrass, and wild-proso millet infest millions of hectares of land devoted to corn production in the midwestern U.S. Control of these species and effects on corn grain yield were evaluated at various timings using POST applications of nicosulfuron vs. applications of various PRE herbicides at 17 locations across the midwestern U.S. in 1992 and 1993. Nicosulfuron applied to 5 to 10 cm giant foxtail and woolly cupgrass provided greater control than that observed with selected PRE herbicides. Giant foxtail control with nicosulfuron averaged 88%, and control of woolly cupgrass averaged 77% across all sites. Nicosulfuron, applied to 5 to 10 cm wild-proso millet, provided a level of control similar to that of selected PRE herbicides. Corn grain yield was greater when giant foxtail was controlled POST with nicosulfuron vs. PRE control with selected soil-applied herbicides. Corn grain yields were similar when nicosulfuron was applied POST to 5 to 10 cm woolly cupgrass or wild-proso millet vs. PRE control of these grass weeds. Across a broad range of geographical locations, nicosulfuron, applied POST to 5 to 10 cm tall grass, provided greater or similar levels of weed control vs. the selected PRE herbicides, with no deleterious effect on grain yield.

Corn Grain Yield Response to Crop Rotation and Nitrogen over 35 Years

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. AGJ2AGRONJ20070280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenton F. Stanger ◽  
Joseph G. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Sequential Applications Control Woolly Cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) and Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Corn (Zea mays)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Millet Seed ◽  
Woolly Cupgrass ◽  
Eriochloa Villosa ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Field studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to determine the contribution of PRE applications of alachlor, metolachlor, acetochlor, SAN 582H, or pendimethalin on woolly cupgrass and wild-proso millet control when followed by POST nicosulfuron at 0, 0.018, 0.027, or 0.036 kg ai/ha. Sequential treatments controlled woolly cupgrass and wild-proso millet greater than single applications of PRE herbicides, which when applied alone resulted in the least wild-proso millet control and lowest corn grain yield. Lack of complete woolly cupgrass control with POST nicosulfuron alone resulted in corn grain yield that was less than with sequential treatments but was equal to PRE treatments. Wild-proso millet control with nicosulfuron at 0.027 kg/ha resulted in corn grain yield that was less than with sequential treatments, but greater than with all PRE treatments except for SAN 582H. All PRE herbicides, regardless of early season performance, when followed by nicosulfuron resulted in woolly cupgrass and wild-proso millet control that was similar. Woolly cupgrass seed production compared to the nontreated check was reduced 98% with acetochlor followed by nicosulfuron. Sequential treatments provided the most consistent woolly cupgrass and wild-proso millet control, the highest corn grain yield, and the greatest reduction in woolly cupgrass and wild-proso millet seed production.

Annual Grass Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Primisulfuron Combined with Nicosulfuron

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Woolly Cupgrass ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Efficacy of primisulfuron and reduced rates of nicosulfuron on woolly cupgrass, wild-proso millet, and giant foxtail in field corn was evaluated in 1994 and 1995. Nicosulfuron was applied at 18, 27, and 36 g ai/ha alone and with 20 g ai/ha primisulfuron. Woolly cupgrass control from nicosulfuron at 18 and 27 g/ha was less than control from 36 g/ha (79% and 84% vs. 90%, respectively). Woolly cupgrass control was 5% greater when primisulfuron was combined with nicosulfuron at 27 and 36 g/ha than when nicosulfuron was applied alone. Corn grain yields were similar among all nicosulfuron plus primisulfuron treatments applied to control woolly cupgrass in 1994. In 1995, corn grain yield was increased 900 kg/ha when primisulfuron was combined with nicosulfuron at 18 g/ha compared to nicosulfuron applied at the same rate alone. Wild-proso millet control 3 WAT with nicosulfuron at 18 g/ha was less than control with nicosulfuron at 36 g/ha. Wild-proso millet control 8 WAT with nicosulfuron alone was greater than when nicosulfuron at any rate was applied with primisulfuron. No differences in corn grain yields were observed across nicosulfuron rates or combinations with primisulfuron to control wild-proso millet either year. Giant foxtail control and corn grain yield were not affected by nicosulfuron rate or combined applications of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron either year.

Response of Corn Grain Yield to Spatial and Temporal Variability in Emergence

Crop Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Liu ◽  
Matthijs Tollenaar ◽  
Greg Stewart ◽  
William Deen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield
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