Tolerance of Selected Advanced Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Breeding Lines to Fomesafen

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilda R. Burgos ◽  
Lynn P. Brandenberger ◽  
Erin N. Stiers ◽  
Vinod K. Shivrain ◽  
Dennis R. Motes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Chemical options for weed control in commercial cowpea production are limited. Repeated long-term use of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, imazethapyr, has resulted in selection for ALS-resistant populations of Palmer amaranth. Experiments were conducted at Bixby, OK, and Kibler, AR, from 2001 to 2003 to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea cultivars and advanced breeding lines to fomesafen, a potential alternative for controlling ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth and other problematic broadleaf weeds. Eight commercial cultivars and 42 advanced breeding lines were entered in the preliminary screening, using 0.84 kg/ha fomesafen. Six breeding lines were selected for the first replicated trial and three (00-582, 00-584, and 00-609) were advanced to across-location experiments. Fomesafen doses of 0, 0.17, 0.34, and 0.67 kg/ha were tested across locations. ‘Early Scarlet’ was used as commercial standard. The advanced lines had equal or higher yield potential (1,182 to 1,936 kg/ha) than Early Scarlet (1,108 kg/ha) across locations. Of the cultivars tested, line 00-609 was the best yielder, whereas 00-584 had the highest tolerance to fomesafen. At the commercial fomesafen rate of 0.34 kg/ha, 00-584 had higher yield (974 and 1,735 kg/ha, respectively, at Bixby, OK, and Kibler, AR) than the nontreated, weed-free, Early Scarlet. Thus, fomesafen can be used on the tolerant line, 00-584, without reducing yield potential relative to Early Scarlet.

PAM: Decision Support for Long-Term Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lindsay ◽  
Michael Popp ◽  
Jason Norsworthy ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan ◽  
Stephen Powles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Palmer amaranth is the most troublesome weed problem in mid-southern US crop production. Herbicides continue to be the most commonly employed method for managing Palmer amaranth, despite the weed’s widespread resistance to them. Therefore, farmers need research and extension efforts that promote the adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) techniques. Producers, crop consultants, educators, and researchers would be more likely to deploy diversified chemical and nonchemical weed management options if they are more informed about long-term biological and economic implications via user-friendly decision-support software. Described within is a recently developed software that demonstrates the effects of Palmer amaranth management practices on soil seedbank, risk of resistance evolution, and economics over a 10-year planning horizon. Aiding this objective is a point-and-click interface that provides feedback on resistance risk, yield potential, profitability, soil seedbank dynamics, and error checking of management options.

Multiple herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Connecticut: confirmation and response to POST herbicides

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jatinder S. Aulakh ◽  
Parminder S. Chahal ◽  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Karl Guillard
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
First Case ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Abstract Palmer amaranth is the latest pigweed species documented in Connecticut; it was identified there in 2019. In a single-dose experiment, the Connecticut Palmer amaranth biotype survived the field-use rates of glyphosate (840 g ae ha−1) and imazaquin (137 g ai ha−1) herbicides applied separately. Additional experiments were conducted to (1) determine the level of resistance to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in the Connecticut-resistant (CT-Res) biotype using whole-plant dose-response bioassays, and (2) evaluate the response of the CT-Res biotype to POST herbicides commonly used in Connecticut cropping systems. Based on the effective dose required for 90% control (ED90), the CT-Res biotype was 10-fold resistant to glyphosate when compared with the Kansas-susceptible (KS-Sus) biotype. Furthermore, the CT-Res biotype was highly resistant to ALS-inhibitor herbicides; only 18% control was achieved with 2,196 g ai ha−1 imazaquin. The CT-Res biotype was also cross-resistant to other ALS-inhibitor herbicides, including chlorimuron-ethyl (13.1 g ai ha−1), halosulfuron-methyl (70 g ai ha−1), and sulfometuron-methyl (392 g ai ha−1). The CT-Res Palmer amaranth was controlled 75% to 100% at 21 d after treatment (DAT) with POST applications of 2,4-D (386 g ae ha−1), carfentrazone-ethyl (34 g ai ha−1), clopyralid (280 g ae ha−1), dicamba (280 g ae ha−1), glufosinate (595 g ai ha−1), lactofen (220 g ai ha−1), oxyfluorfen (1,121g ai ha−1), and mesotrione (105 g ai ha−1) herbicides. Atrazine (2,240 g ai ha−1) controlled the CT-Res biotype only 52%, suggesting the biotype is resistant to this herbicide as well. Here we report the first case of Palmer amaranth from Connecticut with multiple resistance to glyphosate and ALS inhibitors. Growers should proactively use all available weed control tactics, including the use of effective PRE and alternative POST herbicides (tested in this study), for effective control of the CT-Res biotype.

Transfer and Expression of ALS Inhibitor Resistance from Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to anA. spinosus×A. palmeriHybrid

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Molin ◽  
Vijay K. Nandula ◽  
Alice A. Wright ◽  
Jason A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Interspecific Transfer

Transfer of herbicide resistance among closely related weed species is a topic of growing concern. A spiny amaranth × Palmer amaranth hybrid was confirmed resistant to several acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors including imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, pyrithiobac, and trifloxysulfuron. Enzyme assays indicated that the ALS enzyme was insensitive to pyrithiobac and sequencing revealed the presence of a known resistance conferring point mutation, Trp574Leu. Alignment of the ALS gene for Palmer amaranth, spiny amaranth, and putative hybrids revealed the presence of Palmer amaranth ALS sequence in the hybrids rather than spiny amaranth ALS sequences. In addition, sequence upstream of the ALS in the hybrids matched Palmer amaranth and not spiny amaranth. The potential for transfer of ALS inhibitor resistance by hybridization has been demonstrated in the greenhouse and in field experiments. This is the first report of gene transfer for ALS inhibitor resistance documented to occur in the field without artificial/human intervention. These results highlight the need to control related species in both field and surrounding noncrop areas to avoid interspecific transfer of resistance genes.

scholarly journals Nontarget site resistance in Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri(S.) Wats.] confers cross-resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Varanasi ◽  
Chad Brabham ◽  
Nicholas E. Korres ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
First Case ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Biomass Reduction

AbstractPalmer amaranth is one of the most problematic weeds in cropping systems of North America, especially in midsouthern United States, because of its competitive ability and propensity to evolve resistance to several herbicide sites of action. Previously, we confirmed and characterized the first case of nontarget site resistance (NTSR) to fomesafen in a Palmer amaranth accession from Randolph County, AR (RCA). The primary basis of the present study was to evaluate the cross- and multiple-resistance profile of the RCA accession. The fomesafen dose-response assay in the presence of malathion revealed a lower level of RCA resistance when compared with fomesafen alone. The resistance index of the RCA accession, based on 50% biomass reduction, ranged from 63-fold (fomesafen alone) to 22-fold (malathion plus fomesafen), when compared with a 2007 susceptible, and 476-fold and 167-fold, respectively, relative to a 1986 susceptible check. The RCA accession was resistant to other protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors (i.e., flumioxazin, acifluorfen, saflufenacil) as well as the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor tembotrione and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor pyrithiobac sodium. Sequencing of theALSgene revealed no point mutations, indicating that a target-site mechanism is not involved in conferring ALS-inhibitor resistance in the RCA accession. Of the three PPO-inhibiting herbicides tested in combination with the malathion, saflufenacil resulted in the greatest biomass reduction (80%;P< 0.05) and lowest survival rate (23%;P< 0.05) relative to nontreated plants. The application of cytochrome P450 or glutathioneS-transferase inhibitors with fomesafen did not lead to any adverse effects on soybean, suggesting a possible role for these compounds for management of NTSR under field conditions. These results shed light on the relative unpredictability of NTSR in conferring herbicide cross- and multiple resistance in Palmer amaranth.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of preemergence and postemergence herbicides for control of protoporphyrinogen oxidase-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Houston ◽  
Jason K Norsworthy ◽  
Tom Barber ◽  
Chad Brabham
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

AbstractPalmer amaranth accessions resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase, and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides are widespread in the Midsouth, making control difficult. Field experiments were conducted in Marion and Crawfordsville, AR, in 2016 and 2017 to assess PRE and POST herbicides labeled for use in corn, cotton, or soybean for control of multiresistant Palmer amaranth. Accessions at both locations were resistant to glyphosate and ALS inhibitors and segregating for both the R128 and ΔG210 PPO resistance mechanisms. Of the 15 herbicide treatments tested, only atrazine (1,120 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone (149 g ha−1), and flumioxazin (144 g ha−1) provided 85% or greater Palmer amaranth control 14 days after treatment (DAT). Visible control ratings at 35 DAT declined sharply, with no treatment providing more than 84% control, suggesting POST applications should be made no later than 28 DAT. Glufosinate (594 and 818 g ha−1), dicamba (560 g ae ha−1), 2,4-D plus glyphosate (784 g ae ha−1plus 834 g ae ha−1), and paraquat (700 g ha−1) applied POST to 7- to 10-cm plants reduced Palmer amaranth density 83% or more 14 DAT. Both glyphosate (1,266 g ha−1) and pyrithiobac sodium (73 g ha−1) provided less than 7% Palmer amaranth control. Although flumioxazin alone at a labeled rate controlled Palmer amaranth 82% in the PRE experiment, PPO inhibitors by themselves applied POST provided no more than 37% control at 14 DAT. Effective foliar herbicides applied POST, including residual herbicides, should be made when Palmer amaranth are less than 10-cm tall for optimal control of these multiresistant Palmer amaranth accessions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cowpea Genotypes for Use as a Weed-suppressing Cover Crop

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 991B-991
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
J. Powell Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Efficient Selection

A preliminary screening experiment was conducted to evaluate 47 cowpea [Vigna unguiculata, (L.) Walp.] genotypes for use as a weed-suppressing cover crop. Lines evaluated in this study included forage varieties, PI accessions, experimental breeding lines, and land races of unknown origin. Of these, 11 were selected for further testing on the basis of vigorous growth and weed-suppressing ability. In a field experiment repeated over 4 years, the selected genotypes were not different from the leading cover crop cultivar, `Iron Clay', in biomass production. Vigor ratings, vine growth ratings, and canopy widths of some genotypes exceeded those of `Iron Clay'. Vigor ratings and canopy measurements were efficient selection criteria that could be useful for breeding cover crop cowpea cultivars. All selections except an African cultivar, `Lalita', were highly resistant to southern root knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood], and the genotypes varied in seed size, photoperiod, and response to diseases.

Multiple Resistance to Glyphosate and Pyrithiobac in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from Mississippi and Response to Flumiclorac

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Nandula ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Daniel H. Poston ◽  
Agnes M. Rimando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to confirm and quantify glyphosate resistance, quantify pyrithiobac resistance, and investigate interaction between flumiclorac and glyphosate mixtures on control of Palmer amaranth from Mississippi. The GR50(herbicide dose required to cause a 50% reduction in plant growth) values for two glyphosate-resistant biotypes, C1B1 and T4B1, and a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype were 1.52, 1.3, and 0.09 kg ae ha−1glyphosate, respectively. This indicated that the C1B1 and T4B1 biotypes were 17- and 14-fold resistant to glyphosate, respectively, compared with the GS biotype. The C1B1 and T4B1 biotypes were also resistant to pyrithiobac, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, with GR50values of 0.06 and 0.07 kg ai ha−1, respectively. This indicated that the C1B1 and T4B1 biotypes were 7- and 8-fold, respectively, more resistant to pyrithiobac compared with the GS biotype, which had a GR50value of 0.009 kg ha−1. Flumiclorac was antagonistic to glyphosate by reducing glyphosate translocation. The C1B1 and T4B1 absorbed less glyphosate 48 h after treatment (HAT) compared with the GS biotype. The majority of the translocated glyphosate accumulated in the shoot above the treated leaf (that contains the apical meristem) in the GS biotype and in the shoot below the treated leaf in the resistant biotypes, C1B1 and T4B1, by 48 HAT. The C1B1 biotype accumulated negligible shikimate levels, whereas the T4B1 and GS biotypes recorded elevated levels of shikimate. Metabolism of glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid was not detected in either of the resistant biotypes or the susceptible GS biotype. The above results confirm multiple resistance to glyphosate and pyrithiobac in Palmer amaranth biotypes from Mississippi and indicate that resistance to glyphosate is partly due to reduced absorption and translocation of glyphosate.

scholarly journals Control of acetolactate synthase inhibitor/glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jasmine Mausbach ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Debalin Sarangi ◽  
John Lindquist ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Palmer amaranth is the most problematic and troublesome weed in agronomic cropping systems in the United States. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor- and glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has been confirmed in Nebraska and it is widespread in several counties. Soybean resistant to isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate has been developed that provides additional herbicide site of action for control of herbicide-resistant weeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate herbicide programs for control of ALS inhibitor/GR Palmer amaranth and their effect on Palmer amaranth density and biomass, as well as soybean injury and yield in isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower’s field infested with ALS inhibitor- and GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, Nebraska, in 2018 and 2019. Isoxaflutole applied alone or mixed with sulfentrazone/pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone, or imazethapyr/saflufenacil/pyroxasulfone provided similar control (86%-99%) of Palmer amaranth 21 d after PRE (DAPRE). At 14 d after early-POST (DAEPOST), isoxaflutole applied PRE and PRE followed by (fb) POST controlled Palmer amaranth 10% to 63% compared to 75% to 96% control with glufosinate applied EPOST in both years. A PRE herbicide fb glufosinate controlled Palmer amaranth 80% to 99% 21 d after late-POST (DALPOST) in 2018 and reduced density 89% to 100% in 2018 and 58% to 100% in 2019 at 14 DAEPOST. No soybean injury was observed from any of the herbicide programs tested in this study. Soybean yield in 2019 was relatively higher due to higher precipitation compared with 2018 with generally no differences between herbicide programs. This research indicates that herbicide programs are available for effective control of ALS inhibitor/GR Palmer amaranth in isoxaflutole/glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant soybean.

Current situation with the core collection of spring triticale of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
S.V. Chernobai ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
T.B. Kapustina ◽  
V.S. Melnyk ◽  
O.E. Shchechenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Spring Triticale

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

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