Temperature effects on germination and growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis)

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiguo Guo ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Germination And Growth

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on seed germination and growth of redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp. At 15/10 C day and night temperature, respectively, no seed germination was observed in any species. Seed germination increased gradually as temperature increased. Germination peaked at 25/20 C in common waterhemp and at 35/30 C in redroot pigweed and Palmer amaranth. Seed germination of all three species declined when temperatures increased above 35/30 C. All three species produced less biomass at 15/10 C than at 25/20 C and 35/25 C. Redroot pigweed and common waterhemp biomass were similar at 15/10 C and higher than that of Palmer amaranth. However, Palmer amaranth produced more biomass than redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at 25/20 and 35/30 C. At 45/40 C, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and Palmer amaranth plants died 8, 9, and 25 d after initiation of heat treatment, respectively. The largest root volume among the three species was in Palmer amaranth grown at 35/30 C, whereas the smallest root volume was produced by Palmer amaranth grown at 15/10 C. Potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fmax) of Palmer amaranth was higher than that of redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at higher temperature. The greater growth of Palmer amaranth at higher temperatures may be attributed in part to its extensive root growth and greater thermostability of its photosynthetic apparatus.

Effect of Corn-Induced Shading and Temperature on Rate of Leaf Appearance in Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane M. Mclachlan ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Stephan F. Weise ◽  
Matthijs Tollenaar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

Leaf development and expansion are important factors in determining the outcome of crop-weed interference. The comparative effects of temperature and corn canopy-induced shading on the rate of leaf appearance (RLA) of redroot pigweed were quantified in this study. Growth cabinet results indicated a linear increase in RLA with increased temperature. Weed RLA was predicted utilizing both this function and field temperature data. The ratio of observed to predicted RLA of redroot pigweed grown in field experiments decreased in 1990 and 1991 as shading increased with increased corn density and delayed weed planting date. Results indicated that RLA is substantially affected by canopy-induced shading in addition to temperature.

Stimulation of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Seed Germination by Injections of Ethylene into Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Egley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of ethylene upon germination of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) seeds were studied. In laboratory tests with seeds in sealed flasks in the dark, 10 μl/L ethylene increased germination of redroot pigweed seeds from 7% to 52% at 30 C, and increased germination of large and small common cocklebur seeds from 30% and 0% to 100% and 90% respectively, at 25 C. At least 12 h of exposure to ethylene was necessary for appreciable stimulation of germination. In growth chamber studies with known numbers of seeds in pots of soil, ethylene at 11 kg/ha was injected into the soil, and the pots were enclosed in plastic bags for 24 h. One such injection at 2 weeks after planting, and successive injections at 2, 3, and 4 weeks, significantly increased redroot pigweed seedling emergence, and significantly decreased the numbers of dormant, viable seeds remaining in the soil. When pots were not enclosed, injections did not significantly effect redroot pigweed seeds, but significantly increased common cocklebur seedling emergence and decreased the number of viable common cocklebur seeds remaining in the soil.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Field Residue and Root Allelopathic Impact on Weed Seed Germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber III ◽  
Paul M. White Jr ◽  
Derek S. Landrum ◽  
Douglas J. Spaunhorst ◽  
Darcey G. Wayment ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sugarcane Field ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Allelopathy, the chemical interaction between plants, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development, which can include compounds released from a crop that adversely impact weed species. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) field residue and root water extracts on seed germination of three weed species. Red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)] seeds were treated with five extract concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g/L) from either sugarcane field residue or sugarcane root extracts. The field residue and roots were from sugarcane variety ‘HoCP 96-540’ plant cane. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane field residue extract concentrations in the three weed species tested. At the highest residue concentration (100 g/L), red morningglory, redroot pigweed, and spiny amaranth germination decreased by 29%, 17.5% and 80.5%, respectively. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane root extract concentrations in red morningglory and redroot pigweed, but not with spiny amaranth. The highest root concentration (100 g/L) decreased red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination by 19.5% and 18.5%, respectively. This research provides the first bioassay demonstrating that sugarcane root extracts have allelopathic activity, and specifically in respect to red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination. Future research should investigate the allelopathic compounds present in the sugarcane field residue and roots, determine if the same allelopathic compounds are present and in similar concentrations among other sugarcane varieties, and further examine which weed species may be susceptible to the allelopathic compounds present in sugarcane roots.

Differential Control of Four Amaranthus Species by Six Postemergence Herbicides in Soybean (Glycine max)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Mayo ◽  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
John E. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Acifluorfen, lactofen, chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, imazethapyr, and imazaquin were evaluated for control of Palmer amaranth, common waterhemp, redroot pigweed, and tumble pigweed at three application timings in field and greenhouse experiments. Results from field studies indicated that most herbicides provided greater than 90% control of common waterhemp, redroot pigweed, and tumble pigweed regardless of time of application. Palmer amaranth was the most difficult species to control, and only thifensulfuron and imazethapyr provided greater than 80% control at all application timings. In the greenhouse experiment, herbicides were applied when pigweeds averaged 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm in height. Results were similar to the field experiment, except that common waterhemp was more difficult to control.

scholarly journals Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Redroot Pigweed): Effects of Elevated CO2 and Soil Moisture on Growth and Biomass and the Effect of Radiant Heat on Seed Germination

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Sandra Weller ◽  
Singarayer Florentine ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
Amali Welgama ◽  
Aakansha Chadha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae), Redroot pigweed, is native to North America, but has become a weed of agriculture worldwide. Previous research into competition with food crops found it significantly reduces yields. Additionally, taxonomy, biomass allocation, physiological responses to light intensity, water stress, elevated CO2, and herbicide resistance have been investigated. To extend other research findings, we investigated growth and biomass yield in response to (i) soil moisture stress, and (ii) drought and elevated CO2. Additionally, we investigated seed germination rates following exposure to three elevated temperatures for two different time periods. Overall, moisture stress reduced plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Elevated CO2 (700 ppm) appeared to reduce negative impacts of drought on biomass productivity. Heating seeds at 120 °C and above for either 180 or 300 s significantly reduced germination rate. These results inform an understanding of potential responses of A. retroflexus to future climate change and will be used to predict future occurrence of this weed. The finding that exposing seeds to high temperatures retards germination suggests fire could be used to prevent seed germination from soil seed banks, particularly in no-till situations, and therefore may be used to address infestations or prevent further spread of this weed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of reduced doses of herbicide Callisto 480 SC + Atplus 463 and Basagran super on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Vondra ◽  
Vladimír Smutný
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The One ◽  
Plot Experiment

As far as the field of weed control is concerned, there is a possibility to use methods based on mea­su­re­ments of chlorophyll fluorescence or reflectance of impacting radiation. The application of these methods can contribute to a decrease in the amount of applied pesticides so that it is possible to the reduce costs associated with their purchasing on the one hand and to control risks of environmental damage on the other. Within the period of 2005–2007, a small-plot experiment with grain maize was established and carried out in the Field Experimental Station of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Žabčice. The experimental doses of the herbicides CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 and BASAGRAN SUPER were 0.25; 0.1875 and 0.125 l ha−1 and 2.0; 1.5 and 1.0 l ha−1, respectively. The efficiency of herbicides and their killing effect on Amaranthus retroflexus were estimated by means of the apparatus PS1 Meter, which is capable to measure the percentage of damage of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. The differences among doses of herbicide BASAGRAN SUPER were not statistically significant. These results showed that all doses were enough efficient against redroot pigweed. Statistically significant difference was found by herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463, between dose 0.25 l ha−1 and 0.125 l ha−1. It was found out that the most suitable term for herbicide efficacy estimation of BASAGRAN SUPER by means of PS1 apparatus is the second day after its application and fourth day after the application for herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463.

Herbicide Efficacy on FourAmaranthusSpecies in Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Sweat ◽  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Randy W. Lloyd ◽  
John E. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Kansas to determine the efficacy of 21 herbicide treatments for control of tumble pigweed, Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and two biotypes of common waterhemp in soybean. In field studies, nine of eleven preemergence treatments controlled all four species 90% or more. However, pendimethalin and trifluralin controlled Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and tumble pigweed less than the other preplant incorporated and preemergence treatments. With the exception of flumiclorac and NAF-75, postemergence treatments controlled 75 to 90% of all four species. A biotype of common waterhemp collected in Iowa was not controlled by acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Greenhouse results were similar to field experiments. Results suggest at least 90% control of theseAmaranthusspecies is possible with proper herbicide selection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Aqueous Extract as a Potential Bioherbicide to Control Amaranthus retroflexus L. in Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Euro Pannacci ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Michela Farneselli ◽  
Francesco Tei
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

The allelopathic plant extracts can be applied as soil or foliar bioherbicides and are capable of suppressing germination and growth of several weeds, some of which are herbicide resistant. This study evaluated the allelopathic activity of the aqueous extract of aerial biomass of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) on seed germination and seedling growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.), in order to be applied as a potential bioherbicide. The aqueous extract of mugwort was qualitatively examined for the presence of bioactive compounds and it was applied in a Petri dish and pot bioassays quantifying its effects on redroot pigweed and maize by non-linear regression analyses according the log-logistic model. The aqueous extract of mugwort showed the presence of several bioactive compounds with allelopathic activity, such as polysaccharides, organic acids, flavonoids and terpenoids. The aqueous extract of mugwort, at the concentrations from 7.5% to 10% w/v, were found to be the optimal concentration range since it is able to inhibit seed germination, seedling emergence and plant growth of redroot pigweed, without affecting seed germination and seedling emergence of maize, or rather, stimulating its radicle, mesocotyl and plant’s growth. EC90 values for the seed germination, radicle and hypocotyl length of redroot pigweed were in the order: 6.1% and 8.1%, 3.2% and 6.2%, 3.8% and 5.7% w/v of aqueous extract in the two repeated bioassays, respectively. Due to potential herbicidal activity against weeds and biostimulant action on the crops, this extract could be the ideal solution in an integrated weed management program, in order to suppress weeds, increasing competitive ability of crops.

Effects of wheat, triticale and rye plant extracts on germination of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and selected weed species

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
H E Flood ◽  
M H Entz
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

This study compared allelopathic effects of three winter cereals, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), winter rye (Secale cereale) and winter triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) on seed germination of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Extracts from field- and greenhouse-grown rye significantly inhibited germination of redroot pigweed and green foxtail, yet had no effect on the navy bean cultivar Envoy. In a second study, rye, wheat and triticale provided similar inhibition of weed seed germination; however, effects on bean germination differed between cereals. Bean seed germination was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by winter wheat and winter triticale, but unaffected by rye. Key words: Weed seed germination, bean, weed management, cover crops

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