scholarly journals Weighted Regret-Based Likelihood: A New Approach to Describing Uncertainty

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 471-492
Author(s):  
Joseph Y. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Characterization ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Upper Probability ◽  
Weighted Probability ◽  
Natural Way

Recently, Halpern and Leung suggested representing uncertainty by a set of weighted probability measures, and suggested a way of making decisions based on this representation of uncertainty: maximizing weighted regret. Their paper does not answer an apparently simpler question: what it means, according to this representation of uncertainty, for an event E to be more likely than an event E'. In this paper, a notion of comparative likelihood when uncertainty is represented by a set of weighted probability measures is defined. It generalizes the ordering defined by probability (and by lower probability) in a natural way; a generalization of upper probability can also be defined. A complete axiomatic characterization of this notion of regret-based likelihood is given.

Cardinal-Probabilistic Interaction Indices and their Applications: A Survey

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsushige Fujimoto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Choquet Integral ◽  
Axiomatic Characterization ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Choice Probability ◽  
Hierarchical Decomposition ◽  
Möbius Transform

The class of cardinal probabilistic interaction indices obtained as expected marginal interactions includes the Shapley, Banzhaf, and chaining interaction indices and the Möbius and co-Möbius transform so. We will survey cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices and their applications, focusing on axiomatic characterization of the class of cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices. We show that these typical cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices can be represented as the Stieltjes integrals with respect to choice-probability measures on [0,1]. We introduce a method for hierarchical decomposition of systems represented by the Choquet integral using interaction indices.

A Clustering-Based Approach to Collective Beliefs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Bonnay
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Characterization ◽  
Judgment Aggregation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cluster Aggregation ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Collective Beliefs

In this chapter, I argue in favor of a new approach to collective beliefs in unorganized groups, in terms of doxastic clustering. When a group does not have dedicated mechanisms for production of collective beliefs, and when individual beliefs of members of the group are diverse, it does not make much sense to attribute to the group some average beliefs or any other kind of collective beliefs produced by aggregating individual beliefs. Rather, beliefs are meaningfully attributed to coherent subgroups of individuals who share similar opinions. In this case, attribution of collective beliefs involves both clustering, that is partitioning the group into coherent doxastic units, and aggregation, that is aggregating individual opinions within coherent clusters. Adapting standard judgment aggregation theory, I propose a formal framework for doxastic clustering and provide an axiomatic characterization of majoritarian intra-cluster aggregation.

scholarly journals Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO2 Emission in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8237
Author(s):  
István Árpád ◽  
Judit T. Kiss ◽  
Gábor Bellér ◽  
Dénes Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Low Co2

The regulation of vehicular CO2 emissions determines the permissible emissions of vehicles in units of g CO2/km. However, these values only partially provide adequate information because they characterize only the vehicle but not the emission of the associated energy supply technology system. The energy needed for the motion of vehicles is generated in several ways by the energy industry, depending on how the vehicles are driven. These methods of energy generation consist of different series of energy source conversions, where the last technological step is the vehicle itself, and the result is the motion. In addition, sustainability characterization of vehicles cannot be determined by the vehicle’s CO2 emissions alone because it is a more complex notion. The new approach investigates the entire energy technology system associated with the generation of motion, which of course includes the vehicle. The total CO2 emissions and the resulting energy efficiency have been determined. For this, it was necessary to systematize (collect) the energy supply technology lines of the vehicles. The emission results are not given in g CO2/km but in g CO2/J, which is defined in the paper. This new method is complementary to the European Union regulative one, but it allows more complex evaluations of sustainability. The calculations were performed based on Hungarian data. Finally, using the resulting energy efficiency values, the emission results were evaluated by constructing a sustainability matrix similar to the risk matrix. If only the vehicle is investigated, low CO2 emissions can be achieved with vehicles using internal combustion engines. However, taking into consideration present technologies, in terms of sustainability, the spread of electric-only vehicles using renewable energies can result in improvement in the future. This proposal was supported by the combined analysis of the energy-specific CO2 emissions and the energy efficiency of vehicles with different power-driven systems.

scholarly journals An Intrinsic Characterization of Five Points in a CAT(0) Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-165
Author(s):  
Tetsu Toyoda
Keyword(s):  
Metric Space ◽  
Isometric Embedding ◽  
Metric Spaces ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intrinsic Characterization ◽  
New Family

AbstractGromov (2001) and Sturm (2003) proved that any four points in a CAT(0) space satisfy a certain family of inequalities. We call those inequalities the ⊠-inequalities, following the notation used by Gromov. In this paper, we prove that a metric space X containing at most five points admits an isometric embedding into a CAT(0) space if and only if any four points in X satisfy the ⊠-inequalities. To prove this, we introduce a new family of necessary conditions for a metric space to admit an isometric embedding into a CAT(0) space by modifying and generalizing Gromov’s cycle conditions. Furthermore, we prove that if a metric space satisfies all those necessary conditions, then it admits an isometric embedding into a CAT(0) space. This work presents a new approach to characterizing those metric spaces that admit an isometric embedding into a CAT(0) space.

scholarly journals Avoided motifs: short amino acid strings missing from protein datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Mier ◽  
Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cellular Context ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Protein Datasets

Abstract According to the amino acid composition of natural proteins, it could be expected that all possible sequences of three or four amino acids will occur at least once in large protein datasets purely by chance. However, in some species or cellular context, specific short amino acid motifs are missing due to unknown reasons. We describe these as Avoided Motifs, short amino acid combinations missing from biological sequences. Here we identify 209 human and 154 bacterial Avoided Motifs of length four amino acids, and discuss their possible functionality according to their presence in other species. Furthermore, we determine two Avoided Motifs of length three amino acids in human proteins specifically located in the cytoplasm, and two more in secreted proteins. Our results support the hypothesis that the characterization of Avoided Motifs in particular contexts can provide us with information about functional motifs, pointing to a new approach in the use of molecular sequences for the discovery of protein function.

An Axiomatic Characterization of a Class of Petri Nets

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Waldemar Korczynski
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Axiomatic Characterization ◽  
Algebraic Characterization

In this paper an algebraic characterization of a class of Petri nets is given. The nets are characterized by a kind of algebras, which can be considered as a generalization of the concept of the case graph of a (marked) Petri net.

A new approach to the bienergy and biangle of a moving particle lying in a surface of lorentzian space

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Körpınar ◽  
Yasin Ünlütürk
Keyword(s):  
Vector Fields ◽  
Elastic Surface ◽  
Geometrical Characterization ◽  
Lorentzian Space ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Darboux Vector ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Curve

AbstractIn this research, we study bienergy and biangles of moving particles lying on the surface of Lorentzian 3-space by using their energy and angle values. We present the geometrical characterization of bienergy of the particle in Darboux vector fields depending on surface. We also give the relationship between bienergy of the surface curve and bienergy of the elastic surface curve. We conclude the paper by providing bienergy-curve graphics for different cases.

scholarly journals Introducing the HD+B model for pulsar wind nebulae: a hybrid hydrodynamics/radiative approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (3) ◽  
pp. 4357-4370
Author(s):  
B Olmi ◽  
D F Torres
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pulsar Wind Nebulae ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Radiative Model ◽  
Pulsar Wind

ABSTRACT Identification and characterization of a rapidly increasing number of pulsar wind nebulae is, and will continue to be, a challenge of high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics. Given that such systems constitute -by far- the most numerous expected population in the TeV regime, such characterization is important not only to learn about the sources per se from an individual and population perspective, but also to be able to connect them with observations at other frequencies, especially in radio and X-rays. Also, we need to remove the emission from nebulae in highly confused regions of the sky for revealing other underlying emitters. In this paper, we present a new approach for theoretical modelling of pulsar wind nebulae: a hybrid hydrodynamic-radiative model able to reproduce morphological features and spectra of the sources, with relatively limited numerical cost.

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent chitosan–ZnSe/ZnS nanoparticles for potential drug carriers

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (49) ◽  
pp. 38810-38817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeping Li ◽  
Jingbo Xu ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Liying Huang ◽  
Junli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Zns Nanoparticles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Anti Cancer

The objective of the study is to describe a new approach of combining quantum dots into chitosan as an anti-cancer drug carrier.

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