First Detection of Toscana Virus RNA From Sand Flies in the Genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Phlebotomidae) Naturally Infected in Morocco

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Es-Sette ◽  
J. Nourlil ◽  
S. Hamdi ◽  
F. Mellouki ◽  
M. Lemrani
Keyword(s):  
Sand Flies ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Virus Rna

scholarly journals Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and Leishmania Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Mattia Calzolari ◽  
Giuseppe Romeo ◽  
Emanuele Callegari ◽  
Paolo Bonilauri ◽  
Chiara Chiapponi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Phlebotomus Perfiliewi ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Sand flies transmit Leishmania infantum, which is responsible for causing leishmaniasis, as well as many phleboviruses, including the human pathogenic Toscana virus. We screened sand flies collected from a single site between 2017 and 2020 for the presence of both phleboviruses and Leishmania. The sand flies were sampled with attractive carbon dioxide traps and CDC light traps between May and October. We collected more than 50,000 sand flies; 2826 were identified at the species level as Phlebotomus perfiliewi (98%) or Phlebotomus perniciosus (2%). A total of 16,789 sand flies were tested in 355 pools, and phleboviruses were found in 61 pools (6 Toscana virus positive pools, 2 Corfou virus positive pools, 42 Fermo virus positive pools, and 7 Ponticelli virus positive pools, and 4 unidentified phlebovirus positive pools). Leishmania was found in 75 pools and both microorganisms were detected in 16 pools. We isolated nine phleboviruses from another 2960 sand flies (five Ponticelli viruses and for Fermo viruses), not tested for Leishmania; the complete genome of a Fermo virus isolate was sequenced. The simultaneous detection in space and time of the Fermo virus and L. infantum is evidence that supports the co-circulation of both microorganisms in the same location and partial overlap of their cycles. A detailed characterization of the epidemiology of these microorganisms will support measures to limit their transmission.

scholarly journals Isolation of three novel reassortant phleboviruses, Ponticelli I, II, III, and of Toscana virus from field-collected sand flies in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Calzolari ◽  
Chiara Chiapponi ◽  
Romeo Bellini ◽  
Paolo Bonilauri ◽  
Davide Lelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Flies ◽  
Toscana Virus

scholarly journals Broader Geographical Distribution of Toscana Virus in the Mediterranean Region Suggests the Existence of Larger Varieties of Sand Fly Vectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Ayhan ◽  
Jorian Prudhomme ◽  
Lison Laroche ◽  
Anne-Laure Bañuls ◽  
Remi N. Charrel
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors

Toscana virus (TOSV) is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, where it is transmitted by sand flies. TOSV can infect humans and cause febrile illness as well as neuroinvasive infections affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although TOSV is a significant human pathogen, it remains neglected and there are consequently many gaps of knowledge. Recent seroepidemiology studies and case reports showed that TOSV’s geographic distribution is much wider than was assumed a decade ago. The apparent extension of the TOSV circulation area raises the question of the sandfly species that are able to transmit the virus in natural conditions. Phlebotomus (Ph.) perniciosus and Ph. perfiliewi were historically identified as competent species. Recent results suggest that other species of sand flies could be competent for TOSV maintenance and transmission. Here we organize current knowledge in entomology, epidemiology, and virology supporting the possible existence of additional phlebotomine species such as Ph. longicuspis, Ph. sergenti, Ph. tobbi, Ph. neglectus, and Sergentomyia minuta in TOSV maintenance. We also highlight some of the knowledge gaps to be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Phleboviruses in Domestic Animals on the Pre-Apennine Hills (Northern Italy)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Davide Lelli ◽  
Vittorio Scanferla ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Enrica Sozzi ◽  
Valentina Ravaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Virus Neutralization Assay

Phleboviruses are arboviruses transmitted by sand flies, mosquitoes and ticks. Some sand fly-borne phleboviruses cause illnesses in humans, such as the summer fevers caused by the Sicilian and Naples viruses or meningitis caused by the Toscana virus. Indeed, traces of several phleboviral infections have been serologically detected in domestic animals, but their potential pathogenic role in vertebrates other than humans is still unclear, as is the role of vertebrates as potential reservoirs of these viruses. In this study, we report the results of a serological survey performed on domestic animals sampled in Northern Italy, against four phleboviruses isolated from sand flies in the same area. The sera of 23 dogs, 165 sheep and 23 goats were tested with a virus neutralization assay for Toscana virus, Fermo virus, Ponticelli I virus and Ponticelli III virus. Neutralizing antibodies against one or more phleboviruses were detected in four out of 23 dogs, 31 out of 165 sheep and 12 out of 23 goats. This study shows preliminary evidence for the distribution pattern of phleboviral infections in different animal species, highlighting the potential infection of the Toscana virus in dogs and the Fermo virus in goats.

scholarly journals Antibody Response to Toscana Virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus in Cats Naturally Exposed to Phlebotomine Sand Fly Bites in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
André Pereira ◽  
Nazli Ayhan ◽  
José Manuel Cristóvão ◽  
Hugo Vilhena ◽  
Ângela Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Phlebotomine sand fly-borne pathogens such as Leishmania spp. and phleboviruses are emerging threats to humans and animals worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the exposure of cats from Portugal to Toscana virus (TOSV) and Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) and assess the associated risk factors. The possible association between exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus saliva with TOSV and SFSV was also investigated. Out of 369 cats tested, 18 (4.9%, n = 365) were seropositive for TOSV, and eight (2.2%, n = 367) were seropositive for SFSV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cats presenting clinical signs that were compatible with leishmaniosis and antibodies to TOSV had a significantly higher risk of being SFSV seropositive. The presence of antibodies to sand fly-borne viruses in cats indicate that these animals are frequently exposed to sand flies and transmitted pathogens. Data suggest that cats can be used to qualitatively monitor human exposure to TOSV and SFSV in endemic areas. The clinical impact of SFSV in cats’ health should be investigated. The identification of the sand fly species responsible for the circulation of TOSV and SFSV in nature and the evaluation of the vectorial competence of P. perniciosus to SFSV should also be addressed.

scholarly journals Toscana Virus RNA inSergentomyia minutaFlies

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi N. Charrel ◽  
Arezki Izri ◽  
Sarah Temmam ◽  
Xavier de Lamballerie ◽  
Philippe Parola
Keyword(s):  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Virus Rna

CME-Dermatologie 22/Antworten: Masern – Epidemiologie und Klinik

Praxis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (15) ◽  
pp. 1179-1181
Author(s):  
Luc Hari ◽  
Stephan Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Virus Rna ◽  
Sind Eine

Zusammenfassung. Die Masern sind eine hoch ansteckende, akute und febrile Krankheit, die durch eine Infektion mit dem Masernvirus verursacht wird. Gemäss Schätzungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) kommt es bei einer weltweiten Prävalenz von zehn Millionen Patientinnen und Patienten pro Jahr zu rund 142 000 Todesfällen (Mortalitätsrate 1,4 %). Klinisch zeigt sich ein stadienhafter Verlauf: Drei bis vier Tage nach dem initialen katarrhalischen Prodromalstadium mit Fieber und Krankheitsgefühl bildet sich das charakteristische Exanthem aus. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt primär klinisch, muss aber laborchemisch durch den Nachweis von spezifischen IgM-Antikörpern im Serum oder Virus-RNA im Rachenabstrich bestätigt werden. Die Therapie ist rein supportiv, eine spezifische antivirale Behandlung existiert nicht. Der Prävention kommt daher ein absolut zentraler Stellenwert zu, da es sich bei den Masern um eine durch Impfstoffe vermeidbare Erkrankung handelt.

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