scholarly journals Biology, Yield loss and Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique J. Peltier ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Dean K. Malvick ◽  
Daren S. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Case Study of an Epidemiological Approach Dissecting Historical Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot Observations and Identifying Environmental Predictors of Epidemics and Yield Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadou L. Fall ◽  
John F. Boyse ◽  
Dechun Wang ◽  
Jaime F. Willbur ◽  
Damon L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Epidemiological Approach

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a significant threat to soybean production worldwide. In this study, an epidemiological approach was used to examine 11 years of historical data from a soybean management performance trial in order to advance our understanding of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) development and to identify environmental predictors of SSR epidemics and associated yield losses. Recursive partitioning analysis suggested that average air temperature and total precipitation in July were the most significant variables associated with disease severity. High levels of SSR disease severity index were observed when the average temperature in July was below 19.5°C and total precipitation in July was moderate, between 20 and 108.5 mm. A biphasic sigmoidal curve accurately described the relationship between SSR disease severity index (DSI) and yield, with a DSI threshold of 22, below which minimal yield loss was observed. A 10% increase in the DSI, from 22.0 to 24.2, led to an 11% decrease in yield, from 3,308.14 to 2,951.29 kg/ha. Also, a yield threshold (3,353 kg/ha) that was higher than the annual U.S. average soybean yield (3,039.7 kg/ha) was suggested as an expected yield under low or no SSR pressure in the U.S. Midwest. These thresholds can allow soybean stakeholders to assess the value of disease control and establish an SSR baseline for cost-effective management to protect yields. Because S. sclerotiorum has more than 400 plant host species, and because having quantitative information concerning crop losses is crucial for decision making, this study shows the usefulness of historical data on SSR and, hence, can serve as a model in other SSR pathosystems (canola, dry bean, potato, pea, and so on).

Meta-Analytic and Economic Approaches for Evaluation of Pesticide Impact on Sclerotinia Stem Rot Control and Soybean Yield in the North Central United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime F. Willbur ◽  
Paul D. Mitchell ◽  
Mamadou L. Fall ◽  
Adam M. Byrne ◽  
Scott A. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

As complete host resistance in soybean has not been achieved, Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum continues to be of major economic concern for farmers. Thus, chemical control remains a prevalent disease management strategy. Pesticide evaluations were conducted in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Wisconsin from 2009 to 2016, for a total of 25 site-years (n = 2,057 plot-level data points). These studies were used in network meta-analyses to evaluate the impact of 10 popular pesticide active ingredients, and seven common application timings on SSR control and yield benefit, compared with not treating with a pesticide. Boscalid and picoxystrobin frequently offered the best reductions in disease severity and best yield benefit (P < 0.0001). Pesticide applications (one- or two-spray programs) made during the bloom period provided significant reductions in disease severity index (DIX) (P < 0.0001) and led to significant yield benefits (P = 0.0009). Data from these studies were also used in nonlinear regression analyses to determine the effect of DIX on soybean yield. A three-parameter logistic model was found to best describe soybean yield loss (pseudo-R2 = 0.309). In modern soybean cultivars, yield loss due to SSR does not occur until 20 to 25% DIX, and considerable yield loss (−697 kg ha−1 or −10 bu acre−1) is observed at 68% DIX. Further analyses identified several pesticides and programs that resulted in greater than 60% probability for return on investment under high disease levels.

Combined application of nitrogen and potassium reduces seed yield loss of oilseed rape caused by Sclerotinia stem rot disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 5143-5157
Author(s):  
Jianglin Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Guotao Geng ◽  
Wenshi Hu ◽  
Tao Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Occurrence of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Osteospermum sp., Felicia amelloides, and Ranunculus asiaticus in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1014
Author(s):  
E. R. Wright ◽  
M. C. Rivera ◽  
G. Chiesa ◽  
D. Morisigue
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Ranunculus Asiaticus ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
And Control

Three ornamental species, Osteospermum sp. (L.), Felicia amelloides (L.) Voss, and Ranunculus asiaticus L., cultivated in greenhouses on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, showed sudden wilt and death during October 2002. These species are new ornamentals in Argentina. The diseased plants were cultivated in plastic containers filled with commercial potting mix. Soft rot was observed at the base of the plants. Stem lesions became covered with whitish mycelium that produced large, black sclerotia (5 to 7 mm in diameter) characteristic of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1). The fungus was consistently recovered from infected stem pieces that were disinfested for 1 min in 0.2% NaOCl and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), pH 7. Pathogenicity of the three isolates obtained from infected plants was confirmed by inoculating 10 3-month-old healthy plants of each species in 14-cm-diameter plastic pots. Each isolate was inoculated on the host from which it had been isolated. Inoculum consisted of three mycelial plugs from 7-day-old PDA cultures that were placed on the substrate at the base of the plants. Control plants were treated with sterile agar plugs. Inoculated and noninoculated plants were covered with transparent plastic bags for 2 days and incubated in a growth chamber at 20 to 24°C with a 12-h photoperiod. All inoculated plants developed symptoms of leaf yellowing and wilt. Soft and watery tissues were observed at the base of the plants, soon followed by the appearance of white mycelium. Disease symptoms were similar to those observed on the original infected plants and appeared 6, 5, and 3 days after inoculation on Osteospermum sp., F. amelloides, and R. asiaticus, respectively. All inoculated plants died within 3 weeks, and control plants remained healthy. S. sclerotiorum was reisolated from inoculated plants of each species, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of Sclerotinia stem rot on these three plant species in Argentina. Reference: (1) J. E. M. Mordue and P. Holliday. No. 513 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK. 1976.

scholarly journals Modeling first order additive × additive epistasis improves accuracy of genomic prediction for sclerotinia stem rot resistance in canola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Derbyshire ◽  
Yuphin Khentry ◽  
Anita Severn‐Ellis ◽  
Virginia Mwape ◽  
Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
First Order

MicroRNA319a regulates plant resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Dong ◽  
Wenqing Ren ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
He Yuke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract MicroRNA319a (miR319a) controls cell division arrest in plant leaves by inhibiting the expression of TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) family genes. However, it is unclear whether miR319a influences infections by necrotrophic pathogens and host susceptibility. In this study, we revealed that miR319a affected plant resistance to stem rot disease of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In the plants of Brassica rapa infected with S. sclerotiorum, miR319a levels increased while expression levels of several BraTCP genes significantly decreased compared with those of the uninfected plants. The overexpression of BraMIR319a in B. rapa increased the susceptibility of the plants to S. sclerotiorum and aggravated stem rot disease, whereas the overexpression of BraTCP4-1 promoted the plant resistance. Our RNA-sequencing data revealed a potential relationship between miR319a and pathogen-related WRKY genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and reporter transaction assay showed that BraTCP4-1 was bound to the promoters of WRKY75, WRKY70, and WRKY33 genes and directly activated these pathogen-related genes. Moreover, the expression levels of WRKY75, WRKY70, and WRKY33 in the plants overexpressing BraMIR319a declined significantly whereas those of the plants overexpressing BraTCP4-1 increased significantly. These results suggest that miR319a and its targeted gene BraTCP4 regulate stem rot resistance through pathways of WRKY genes.

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