Mirid outbreaks associated with Bt cotton in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Bt Cotton

Biotechnology in Indian Agriculture: With Special Reference to Bt Cotton in Tamil Nadu – A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Mohanasundaram Dr. V. Mohanasundaram ◽  
◽  
S. Saravanan S. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Indian Agriculture

Effects of soil water content and temperature on Bt protein degradation in leaves at thinning stage and buds of Bt cotton

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Meijun ZHANG ◽  
Wude YANG ◽  
Meichen FENG ◽  
Yun DUAN ◽  
Mingming TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Bt Protein

scholarly journals Correction to: Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Gutierrez ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Keshav R. Kranthi ◽  
Johann Baumgärtner ◽  
Peter. E. Kenmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Farmer Suicides

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Need for growing non-Bt cotton refugia to overcome Bt resistance problem in targeted larvae of the cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera and Pectinophora gossypiella

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Misbah Ashraf ◽  
Zia Ullah Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
American Bollworm ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Abstract Background The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton against target arthropod larvae is decreasing day by day. The comparative effect of Bt expression among Bt cotton varieties and different plant parts was observed against the cotton bollworms: Helicoverpa armigera and Pectinophora gossypiella larvae. Results In the present study, larval mortality of H. armigera was higher than P. gossypiella among selected Bt cultivars. Median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 8.91, 13.4, 14.0, and 36.4 for P. gossypiella, while 5.91, 4.04, 2.37, and 8.26 for H. armigera of FH-142, MNH-886, IR-3701, and FH-Lalazar, respectively. These values depicted that P. gossypiella had more Bt resistance problem than H. armigera larvae. The host range of both targeted insect larvae was different from each other due to the polyphagous feeding nature of the larvae of H. armigera that feed on different host plants, but P. gossypiella attacked only cotton with monophagous feeding habit. It was also notable from results that Bt expression in reproductive parts where the attacked pink bollworm was lower than the American bollworm, so the former had the maximum chance of resistance due to repeated exposure to Bt. Conclusions It was concluded that farmers be advised to follow the practice of growing non-Bt as a refuge crop to reduce the problem of Bt resistance in the target arthropod species.

scholarly journals Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Gutierrez ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Keshav R. Kranthi ◽  
Johann Baumgärtner ◽  
Peter. E. Kenmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Line ◽  
High Density ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
South Central ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
Short Season

Abstract Background The implementation of hybrid Bt cotton unique to India has been heralded as a grand success by government agencies, seed companies and other proponents, and yet yields have stagnated at low levels and production costs have risen 2.5–3-fold. The low-yield hybrid cotton system of India contributes thousands of farmer suicides to the annual national toll. Conceptual and methodological barriers have hindered bioeconomic analysis of the ecological and social sustainability of such cross-scale agro-ecological problems in time and geographic space, under global technology and climate change. As a paradigm shift, we use conceptually simple, parameter-sparse, theoretically based, mechanistic, weather-driven physiologically based demographic models (PBDMs) to deconstruct the bio-economics of the Indian cotton system. Results Our analysis of Indian hybrid cotton system explains some extant ecological and economic problems, and suggests a viable solution. Specifically, the model accurately captured the age-stage mass dynamics of rainfed and irrigated cotton growth/development and the interactions with the key pest pink bollworm across five south-central Indian states, and enabled identification of proximate bioeconomic factors responsible for low yield and their relationship to farmer suicides. The results are reinforced by analysis of Ministry of Agriculture annual state-level data. We explain why short-season, high-density non-GM cotton is a highly viable solution for Indian cotton farmers in rainfed and irrigated cotton areas of the five states, and possibly nationally. The transition from a theoretical bioeconomic construct to a real-world regional bioeconomic analysis proved seamless. Conclusions The hybrid long-season Bt technology for rainfed and irrigated cotton is unique to India, and is a value capture mechanism. This technology is suboptimal leading to stagnant yields, high input costs, increased insecticide use, and low farmer incomes that increase economic distress that is a proximate cause of cotton farmer suicides. The current GM Bt technology adds costs in rainfed cotton without commensurate increases in yield. Non-GM pure-line high-density short-season varieties could double rainfed cotton yield, reduce costs, decrease insecticide use, and help ameliorate suicides. The GM hybrid technology is inappropriate for incorporation in short-season high-density varieties.

Environmental impact and risk management strategies of Bt cotton commercialization in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Kong-Ming
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance

AbstractTransgenic cotton expressing the Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis has been planted widely in China since 1997, and reached 70% of the total cotton area in 2006. The results of monitoring the environmental impact of Bt cotton commercialization indicated that the target pests, cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), were effectively controlled while the mirids (Hemiptera: Miridae) evolved to be key pests in the cotton system. There were no significant changes in resistance gene frequency of field populations of cotton bollworm, but a shift toward increased tolerance was apparent in the area of intensive planting of Bt cotton, indicating that the potential risk of resistance of the target pest has become a major threat for sustainable planting of Bt cotton. Considering the factors associated with the evolution of resistance, risk management strategies are discussed in this paper.

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