Nutritional role of host plants in adult feeding preference of two invasive wood borers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Adult Feeding

scholarly journals Adult Feeding Preference and Fecundity in the Large Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Lenka Kleinová ◽  
Markéta Davídková
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
The Mean

Adult feeding preferences of Hylobius abietis on Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies alba and Betula pendula were tested in outdoor conditions. The preferred food source was P. menziesii, and the mean bark area consumed per seedling was 440.8 ± 147.9 mm2. The second most preferred host was P. abies. The coniferous species that suffered the least damage was A. alba (76.8 ± 62.56 mm2 per seedling). B. pendula was the least preferred source of food, and it caused mortality of 60% of weevils that fed on it. Weevils exhibited large differences in fecundity when fed with different tree species in a laboratory experiment. The largest number of eggs was laid by females fed with P. abies. Mean egg numbers reached 26.4 ± 24.89 eggs per experiment for P. abies. Similar fecundity was observed in weevils fed with twigs of P. sylvestris. Oviposition was approximately six times lower in females fed with L. decidua and P. menziesii. The maximum number of eggs laid by a single female during a one-month experiment was 90. The results are discussed in relation to management of H. abietis.

scholarly journals Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bin Shi ◽  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zheng ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

scholarly journals Dodder-transmitted mobile signals prime host plants for enhanced salt tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalan Li ◽  
Jingxiong Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Nian Liu ◽  
Guojing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Systemic Signals

Abstract The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are a genus of shoot parasites. In nature, a dodder often simultaneously parasitizes two or more neighboring hosts. Salt stress is a common abiotic stress for plants. It is unclear whether dodder transmits physiologically relevant salt stress-induced systemic signals among its hosts and whether these systemic signals affect the hosts’ tolerance to salt stress. Here, we simultaneously parasitized two or more cucumber plants with dodder. We found that salt treatment of one host highly primed the connected host, which showed strong decreases in the extent of leaf withering and cell death in response to subsequent salt stress. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that 24 h after salt treatment of one cucumber, the transcriptome of the other dodder-connected cucumber largely resembled that of the salt-treated one, indicating that inter-plant systemic signals primed these dodder-connected cucumbers at least partly through transcriptomic reconfiguration. Furthermore, salt treatment of one of the cucumbers induced physiological changes, including altered proline contents, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rates, in both of the dodder-connected cucumbers. This study reveals a role of dodder in mediating salt-induced inter-plant signaling among dodder-connected hosts and highlights the physiological function of these mobile signals in plant–plant interactions under salt stress.

scholarly journals ABCB transporters in a leaf beetle respond to sequestered plant toxins

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20201311
Author(s):  
Paulina Kowalski ◽  
Michael Baum ◽  
Marcel Körten ◽  
Alexander Donath ◽  
Susanne Dobler
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Chrysochus Auratus ◽  
Defensive Glands ◽  
The One ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Phytophagous insects can tolerate and detoxify toxic compounds present in their host plants and have evolved intricate adaptations to this end. Some insects even sequester the toxins for their defence. This necessitates specific mechanisms, especially carrier proteins that regulate uptake and transport to specific storage sites or protect sensitive tissues from noxious compounds. We identified three ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) transporters from the transcriptome of the cardenolide-sequestering leaf beetle Chrysochus auratus and analysed their functional role in the sequestration process. These were heterologously expressed and tested for their ability to interact with various potential substrates: verapamil (standard ABCB substrate), the cardenolides digoxin (commonly used), cymarin (present in the species's host plant) and calotropin (present in the ancestral host plants). Verapamil stimulated all three ABCBs and each was activated by at least one cardenolide, however, they differed as to which they were activated by. While the expression of the most versatile transporter fits with a protective role in the blood–brain barrier, the one specific for cymarin shows an extreme abundance in the elytra, coinciding with the location of the defensive glands. Our data thus suggest a key role of ABCBs in the transport network needed for cardenolide sequestration.

Alternative inoculum sources for fire blight: the potential role of fruit mummies and non-host plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Weißhaupt ◽  
L. Köhl ◽  
S. Kunz ◽  
M. Hinze ◽  
M. Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Fruit Mummies

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi as Bioprotectors of Crops Against Verticillium Wilt—A Hypothetical Scenario Under Changing Environmental Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Amf Communities

The association that many crops can establish with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in soils can enhance the resistance of the host plants against several pathogens, including Verticillium spp. The increased resistance of mycorrhizal plants is mainly due to the improved nutritional and water status of crops and to enhanced antioxidant metabolism and/or increased production of secondary metabolites in the plant tissues. However, the effectiveness of AMF in protecting their host plants against Verticillium spp. may vary depending on the environmental factors. Some environmental factors, such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the availability of soil water and the air and soil temperatures, are predicted to change drastically by the end of the century. The present paper discusses to what extent the climate change may influence the role of AMF in protecting crops against Verticillium-induced wilt, taking into account the current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects that the changing environment can exert on AMF communities in soils and on the symbiosis between crops and AMF, as well as on the development, incidence and impact of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Ecologically Divergent Gall Wasp Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Egan ◽  
Glen R. Hood ◽  
James R. Ott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Respective Host

Habitat isolation occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats. While a potential barrier to gene flow during ecological speciation, the effect of habitat isolation on reproductive isolation has rarely been directly tested. Herein, we first estimated habitat preference for each of six populations of the gall waspBelonocnema treataeinhabiting eitherQuercus virginianaorQ. geminata. We then estimated the importance of habitat isolation in generating reproductive isolation betweenB. treataepopulations that were host specific to eitherQ. virginianaorQ. geminataby measuring mate preference in the presence and absence of the respective host plants. All populations exhibited host preference for their native plant, and assortative mating increased significantly in the presence of the respective host plants. This host-plant-mediated assortative mating demonstrates that habitat isolation likely plays an important role in promoting reproductive isolation among populations of this host-specific gall former.

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