Does variation in host traits promote host shifting and diversification in goldenrod-insect communities?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra E. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Insect Communities

scholarly journals Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame ◽  
Boaz Musyoka ◽  
Julius Obonyo ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The interactions among insect communities influence the composition of pest complexes that attack crops and, in parallel, their natural enemies, which regulate their abundance. The lepidopteran stemborers have been the major maize pests in Kenya. Their population has been regulated by natural enemies, mostly parasitoids, some of which have been used for biological control. It is not known how a new exotic invasive species, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), may affect the abundance and parasitism of the resident stemborers. For this reason, pest and parasitism surveys have been conducted, before and after the FAW invaded Kenya, in maize fields in 40 localities across 6 agroecological zones (AEZs) during the maize-growing season, as well as at 3 different plant growth stages (pre-tasseling, reproductive, and senescence stages) in 2 elevations at mid-altitude, where all maize stemborer species used to occur together. Results indicated that the introduction of the FAW significantly correlated with the reduction of the abundance of the resident communities of maize stemborers and parasitoids in maize fields; moreover, the decrease of stemborer density after the arrival of FAW occurred mostly at both reproductive and senescent maize stages. It also suggests a possible displacement of stemborers by FAW elsewhere; for example, to other cereals. However, since this study was conducted only three years after the introduction of the FAW, further studies will need to be conducted to confirm such displacements.

scholarly journals Predator foraging altitudes reveal the structure of aerial insect communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson A. Helms ◽  
Aaron P. Godfrey ◽  
Tayna Ames ◽  
Eli S. Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Insect Communities ◽  
Predator Foraging ◽  
Aerial Insect

Comparison of trap types for surveying insect communities in Idaho sagebrush steppe ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Caselton Lowe ◽  
Sara M. Birch ◽  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Frank Merickel
Keyword(s):  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems

Relationships among Melanaphis sacchari1, Its Predator Insect Communities, and Weather Conditions in Sorghum Crops at Colima, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rodríguez-Vélez ◽  
Claudia Aurora Uribe-Mu ◽  
Mariza Araceli Sarmiento-Cordero ◽  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Vélez ◽  
Juan Antonio Cruz-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Insect Communities

Spatial and seasonal variability of emergent aquatic insects and nearshore spiders in a subtropical estuary

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Zapata ◽  
S. Mažeika P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Subtropical Estuary ◽  
Adult Aquatic Insects

Variability in the density and distribution of adult aquatic insects is an important factor mediating aquatic-to-terrestrial nutritional subsidies in freshwater ecosystems, yet less is understood about insect-facilitated subsidy dynamics in estuaries. We surveyed emergent (i.e. adult) aquatic insects and nearshore orb-weaving spiders of the families Tetragnathidae and Araneidae in a subtropical estuary of Florida (USA). Emergent insect community composition varied seasonally and spatially; densities were lower at high- than low-salinity sites. At high-salinity sites, emergent insects exhibited lower dispersal ability and a higher prevalence of univoltinism than low- and mid-salinity assemblages. Orb-weaving spider density most strongly tracked emergent insect density rates at low- and mid-salinity sites. Tetragnatha body condition was 96% higher at high-salinity sites than at low-salinity sites. Our findings contribute to our understanding of aquatic insect communities in estuarine ecosystems and indicate that aquatic insects may provide important nutritional subsidies to riparian consumers despite their depressed abundance and diversity compared with freshwater ecosystems.

Do predaceous stoneflies and siltation affect the structure of stream insect communities colonizing enclosures?

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Peckarsky
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate Community

Experiments in Colorado and New York streams assessed the effects of predaceous stoneflies on benthic invertebrate community establishment in enclosures providing uncolonized habitat. Aspects of prey community structure measured were density, species richness, relative species abundance, and body size. Unexpected inorganic sediment deposition allowed evaluation of direct effects on Colorado stream benthos and indirect effects on predation. Predaceous perlids and perlodids consistently reduced the density and, therefore, rate of prey community establishment in enclosures. Although New York perlids disproportionately reduced densities of some prey species, Colorado stoneflies caused nonsignificant declines in individual prey species densities, the composite effect of which was a significant whole-community response. Predators did not affect prey species richness nor change the taxonomic composition (species additions or deletions) of communities colonizing enclosures. However, the relative abundance of prey taxa differed significantly between cages with and without predators. Most species showed no size differences between individuals colonizing enclosures with predators and those colonizing control enclosures, with a few interesting exceptions. The deposition of silt eliminated the predator effects on prey density, as well as directly causing significant reductions in many Colorado benthic populations. This result demonstrates that abiotic disturbances can periodically override the effects of predation on stream insect communities colonizing enclosures.

Little effects of reduced-impact logging on insect communities in eastern Amazonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 188 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Silva Nogueira ◽  
Lenize Batista Calvão ◽  
Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag ◽  
Leandro Juen ◽  
Paulo De Marco
Keyword(s):  
Insect Communities ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging

scholarly journals Characterization and comparison of poorly known moth communities through DNA barcoding in two Afrotropical environments in Gabon

Genome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Delabye ◽  
Rodolphe Rougerie ◽  
Sandrine Bayendi ◽  
Myrianne Andeime-Eyene ◽  
Evgeny V. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

Biodiversity research in tropical ecosystems—popularized as the most biodiverse habitats on Earth—often neglects invertebrates, yet invertebrates represent the bulk of local species richness. Insect communities in particular remain strongly impeded by both Linnaean and Wallacean shortfalls, and identifying species often remains a formidable challenge inhibiting the use of these organisms as indicators for ecological and conservation studies. Here we use DNA barcoding as an alternative to the traditional taxonomic approach for characterizing and comparing the diversity of moth communities in two different ecosystems in Gabon. Though sampling remains very incomplete, as evidenced by the high proportion (59%) of species represented by singletons, our results reveal an outstanding diversity. With about 3500 specimens sequenced and representing 1385 BINs (Barcode Index Numbers, used as a proxy to species) in 23 families, the diversity of moths in the two sites sampled is higher than the current number of species listed for the entire country, highlighting the huge gap in biodiversity knowledge for this country. Both seasonal and spatial turnovers are strikingly high (18.3% of BINs shared between seasons, and 13.3% between sites) and draw attention to the need to account for these when running regional surveys. Our results also highlight the richness and singularity of savannah environments and emphasize the status of Central African ecosystems as hotspots of biodiversity.

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