Sand fly salivary proteins as markers of host exposure to leishmaniases vectors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Volf
Keyword(s):  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins

Pemphigus foliaceus and sand fly bites: assessing the humoral immune response to the salivary proteins maxadilan and LJM11

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vernal ◽  
N.A. De Paula ◽  
V.R. Bollela ◽  
E.A. Lerner ◽  
A.M. Roselino
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals Sand Fly Salivary Proteins Induce Strong Cellular Immunity in a Natural Reservoir of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Adverse Consequences for Leishmania

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e1000441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Collin ◽  
Regis Gomes ◽  
Clarissa Teixeira ◽  
Lily Cheng ◽  
Andre Laughinghouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Natural Reservoir

scholarly journals Insights into the salivary N-glycome of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Mondragon-Shem ◽  
Katherine Wongtrakul-Kish ◽  
Radoslaw P. Kozak ◽  
Shi Yan ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Before And After

AbstractDuring Leishmania transmission sand flies inoculate parasites and saliva into the skin of vertebrates. Saliva has anti-haemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities that evolved to facilitate bloodfeeding, but also modulate the host’s immune responses. Sand fly salivary proteins have been extensively studied, but the nature and biological roles of protein-linked glycans remain overlooked. Here, we characterised the profile of N-glycans from the salivary glycoproteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. In silico predictions suggest half of Lu. longipalpis salivary proteins may be N-glycosylated. SDS-PAGE coupled to LC-MS analysis of sand fly saliva, before and after enzymatic deglycosylation, revealed several candidate glycoproteins. To determine the diversity of N-glycan structures in sand fly saliva, enzymatically released sugars were fluorescently tagged and analysed by HPLC, combined with highly sensitive LC-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, and exoglycosidase treatments. We found that the N-glycan composition of Lu. longipalpis saliva mostly consists of oligomannose sugars, with Man5GlcNAc2 being the most abundant, and a few hybrid-type species. Interestingly, some glycans appear modified with a group of 144 Da, whose identity has yet to be confirmed. Our work presents the first detailed structural analysis of sand fly salivary glycans.

scholarly journals Molecular and Immunogenic Properties of Apyrase SP01B and D7-Related SP04 Recombinant Salivary Proteins ofPhlebotomus perniciosusfrom Madrid, Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Martín-Martín ◽  
Ricardo Molina ◽  
Maribel Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Sand fly salivary proteins are on the spotlight to become vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis and to markers of exposure to sand fly bites due to the host immune responses they elicit. Working with the whole salivary homogenate entails serious drawbacks such as the need for maintaining sand fly colonies and the laborious task of glands dissection. In order to overcome these difficulties, producing recombinant proteins of different vectors has become a major task. In this study, a cDNA library was constructed with the salivary glands ofPhlebotomus perniciosusfrom Madrid, Spain, the most widespread vector ofLeishmania infantumin the Mediterranean basin. Analysis of the cDNA sequences showed several polymorphisms among the previously described salivary transcripts. The apyrase SP01B and the D7-related protein SP04 were successfully cloned, expressed inEscherichia coli, and purified. Besides, recombinant proteins were recognized by sera of hamsters and mice previously immunized with saliva through the exposure to uninfected sand fly bites. These results suggest that these two recombinant proteins conserved their immunogenic properties after expression in a prokaryote system. Therefore, this work contributes to expand the knowledge ofP. perniciosussaliva that would be eventually used for the development of tools for vector control programs.

scholarly journals Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly salivary protein diversity and immune response potential in Egypt and Jordan populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Flanley ◽  
Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao ◽  
Iliano V. Coutinho-Abreu ◽  
Rami Mukbel ◽  
Hanafi A. Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

AbstractPhlebotomus papatasi sand flies inject their hosts with a myriad of pharmacologically active salivary proteins to assist with blood feeding and to modulate host defenses. These salivary proteins have been studied for their role in cutaneous leishmaniasis disease outcome with different salivary proteins attenuating or exacerbating lesion size. Studies have shown that while co-administered sand fly saliva exacerbates Leishmania major infections in naïve mice, animals pre-exposed to saliva are protected, with the infection attenuated via a delayed-type hypersensitivity immune reaction. These studies highlight the potential of the salivary components to be used as a vaccine. One protein in particular, P. papatasi salivary protein 15 (PpSP15) has been intensively studied because of its ability to protect mice against Le. major challenge. The number of antigenic molecules included in vaccines is restricted thus emphasizing the role of population genetics to identify molecules, like PpSP15, that are functionally significant, conserved across populations and do not experience selection. Three distinct ecotope study sites, one in Egypt (Aswan) and two in Jordan (Swaimeh and Malka), were chosen based on their elevation, rainfall, vegetation, differing reservoir species, and the presence or absence of Le. major. The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic variability of nine of the most abundantly expressed salivary proteins including PpSP12, PpSP14, PpSP28, PpSP29, PpSP30, PpSP32, PpSP36, PpSP42, and PpSP44 and to predict their ability to elicit an immune response. Two proteins, PpSP12 and PpSP14, demonstrated low genetic variability across the three sand fly populations represented in this study, with multiple predicted MHCII epitope binding sites, identified by alleles present in the human populations from the study sites. The other seven salivary proteins revealed greater allelic variation across the same sand fly populations indicating that their use as vaccine targets may prove to be challenging.

scholarly journals Toward a Defined Anti-Leishmania Vaccine Targeting Vector Antigens

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus G. Valenzuela ◽  
Yasmine Belkaid ◽  
Mark K. Garfield ◽  
Susana Mendez ◽  
Shaden Kamhawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Plasmid Vaccine ◽  
Targeting Vector ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Leishmania parasites are transmitted to their vertebrate hosts by infected phlebotomine sand fly bites. Sand fly saliva is known to enhance Leishmania infection, while immunity to the saliva protects against infection as determined by coinoculation of parasites with vector salivary gland homogenates (SGHs) or by infected sand fly bites (Kamhawi, S., Y. Belkaid, G. Modi, E. Rowton, and D. Sacks. 2000. Science. 290:1351–1354). We have now characterized nine salivary proteins of Phlebotomus papatasi, the vector of Leishmania major. One of these salivary proteins, extracted from SDS gels and having an apparent mol wt of 15 kD, was able to protect vaccinated mice challenged with parasites plus SGH. A DNA vaccine containing the cDNA for the predominant 15-kD protein (named SP15) provided this same protection. Protection lasted at least 3 mo after immunization. The vaccine produced both intense humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. B cell–deficient mice immunized with the SP15 plasmid vaccine successfully controlled Leishmania infection when injected with Leishmania plus SGH. These results indicate that DTH response against saliva provides most or all of the protective effects of this vaccine and that salivary gland proteins or their cDNAs are viable vaccine targets against leishmaniasis.

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