Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of African horse sickness virus in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Venter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus

scholarly journals Culicoides species abundance and potential over-wintering of African horse sickness virus in the Onderstepoort area, Gauteng, South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert J. Venter ◽  
Karien Labuschagne ◽  
Daphney Majatladi ◽  
Solomon N.B. Boikanyo ◽  
Carina Lourens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In South Africa, outbreaks of African horse sickness (AHS) occur in summer; no cases are reported in winter, from July to September. The AHS virus (AHSV) is transmitted almost exclusively by Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), of which Culicoides imicola is considered to be the most important vector. The over-wintering mechanism of AHSV is unknown. In this study, more than 500 000 Culicoides midges belonging to at least 26 species were collected in 88 light traps at weekly intervals between July 2010 and September 2011 near horses in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa. The dominant species was C. imicola. Despite relatively low temperatures and frost, at least 17 species, including C. imicola, were collected throughout winter (June–August). Although the mean number of midges per night fell from > 50 000 (March) to < 100 (July and August), no midge-free periods were found. This study, using virus isolation on cell cultures and a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, confirmed low infection prevalence in field midges and that the detection of virus correlated to high numbers. Although no virus was detected during this winter period, continuous adult activity indicated that transmission can potentially occur. The absence of AHSV in the midges during winter can be ascribed to the relatively low numbers collected coupled to low infection prevalence, low virus replication rates and low virus titres in the potentially infected midges. Cases of AHS in susceptible animals are likely to start as soon as Culicoides populations reach a critical level.

scholarly journals Establishment of different plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems for the recovery of African horse sickness virus

Virology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andelé M. Conradie ◽  
Liesel Stassen ◽  
Henk Huismans ◽  
Christiaan A. Potgieter ◽  
Jacques Theron
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus

scholarly journals Antiserum from mice vaccinated with modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing African horse sickness virus (AHSV) VP2 provides protection when it is administered 48h before, or 48h after challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Calvo-Pinilla ◽  
Francisco de la Poza ◽  
Simon Gubbins ◽  
Peter Paul Clement Mertens ◽  
Javier Ortego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus
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