Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Bt Maize

scholarly journals Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm: Effects of Pest Biology, the Pest–Crop Interaction and the Agricultural Landscape on Resistance

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Aaron Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Resistance Evolution

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is among the most serious pests of maize in the United States. Since 2003, transgenic maize that produces insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used to manage western corn rootworm by killing rootworm larvae, which feed on maize roots. In 2009, the first cases of field-evolved resistance to Bt maize were documented. These cases occurred in Iowa and involved maize that produced Bt toxin Cry3Bb1. Since then, resistance has expanded to include other geographies and additional Bt toxins, with some rootworm populations displaying resistance to all commercially available Bt traits. Factors that contributed to field-evolved resistance likely included non-recessive inheritance of resistance, minimal fitness costs of resistance and limited adult dispersal. Additionally, because maize is the primary agricultural crop on which rootworm larvae can survive, continuous maize cultivation, in particular continuous cultivation of Bt maize, appears to be another key factor facilitating resistance evolution. More diversified management of rootworm larvae, including rotating fields out of maize production and using soil-applied insecticide with non-Bt maize, in addition to planting refuges of non-Bt maize, should help to delay the evolution of resistance to current and future transgenic traits.

scholarly journals Western corn rootworm and Bt maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Gassmann ◽  
Jennifer L. Petzold-Maxwell ◽  
Ryan S. Keweshan ◽  
Mike W. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Bt Maize

scholarly journals Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad S. Coates ◽  
Emeline Deleury ◽  
Aaron J. Gassmann ◽  
Bruce E. Hibbard ◽  
Lance J. Meinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Maize Roots

Abstract Background Resistance of pest insect species to insecticides, including B. thuringiensis (Bt) pesticidal proteins expressed by transgenic plants, is a threat to global food security. Despite the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, being a major pest of maize and having populations showing increasing levels of resistance to hybrids expressing Bt pesticidal proteins, the cell mechanisms leading to mortality are not fully understood. Results Twenty unique RNA-seq libraries from the Bt susceptible D. v. virgifera inbred line Ped12, representing all growth stages and a range of different adult and larval exposures, were assembled into a reference transcriptome. Ten-day exposures of Ped12 larvae to transgenic Bt Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 maize roots showed significant differential expression of 1055 and 1374 transcripts, respectively, compared to cohorts on non-Bt maize. Among these, 696 were differentially expressed in both Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 maize exposures. Differentially-expressed transcripts encoded protein domains putatively involved in detoxification, metabolism, binding, and transport, were, in part, shared among transcripts that changed significantly following exposures to the entomopathogens Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Metarhizium anisopliae. Differentially expressed transcripts in common between Bt and entomopathogen treatments encode proteins in general stress response pathways, including putative Bt binding receptors from the ATP binding cassette transporter superfamily. Putative caspases, pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-response factors were identified among transcripts uniquely up-regulated following exposure to either Bt protein. Conclusions Our study suggests that the up-regulation of genes involved in ER stress management and apoptotic progression may be important in determining cell fate following exposure of susceptible D. v. virgifera larvae to Bt maize roots. This study provides novel insights into insect response to Bt intoxication, and a possible framework for future investigations of resistance mechanisms.

Response of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Shrestha ◽  
S. R. K. Jakka ◽  
A. J. Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Bt Maize
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