Bioclimatic envelope-based risk mapping of the bark beetle-vectored blue stain fungus,Ceratocystis polonica

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishan Sambaraju
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

scholarly journals Antioxidant defences of Norway spruce bark against bark beetles and its associated blue-stain fungus

Agricultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Mateja Felicijan ◽  
Metka Novak ◽  
Nada Kraševec ◽  
Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Inducible Defences ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Abstract Bark beetles and their fungal associates are integral parts of forest ecosystems, the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus Linnaeus, 1758) and the associated pathogenic blue stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica (SIEM.) C. MOREAU, are the most devastating pests regarding Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.]. Bark beetles commonly inhabit weakened and felled trees as well as vital trees. They cause physiological disorders in trees by destroying a phloem and cambium or interrupt the transpiration -ow in the xylem. Conifers have a wide range of effective defence mechanisms that are based on the inner bark anatomy and physiological state of the tree. The basic function of bark defences is to protect the nutrient-and energy-rich phloem, the vital meristematic region of the vascular cambium, and the transpiration -ow in the sapwood. The main area of defence mechanisms is secondary phloem, which is physically and chemically protected by polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) cells, sclerenchyma, calcium oxalate crystals and resin ducts. Conifer trunk pest resistance includes constitutive, inducible defences and acquired resistance. Both constitutive and inducible defences may deter beetle invasion, impede fungal growth and close entrance wounds. During a successful attack, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) becomes effective and represents a third defence strategy. It gradually develops throughout the plant and provides a systemic change within the whole tree’s metabolism, which is maintained over a longer period of time. The broad range of defence mechanisms that contribute to the activation and utilisation of SAR, includes antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, which are generally linked to the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presented review discusses the current knowledge on the antioxidant defence strategies of spruce inner bark against the bark beetle (Ips typographus) and associated blue stain fungus (Ceratocystis polonica).

scholarly journals Endemic Jeffrey Pine Beetle Associates: Beetle/Mite Fungal Dissemination Strategies and Interactions That May Influence Beetle Population Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Javier E. Mercado ◽  
Beatriz Ortiz-Santana ◽  
Shannon L. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
Mutualistic Interaction ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Grosmannia Clavigera ◽  
Mutualistic Fungus ◽  
Jeffrey Pine Beetle

Fungal and mite associates may drive changes in bark beetle populations, and mechanisms constraining beetle irruptions may be hidden in endemic populations. We characterized common fungi of endemic-level Jeffrey pine beetle (JPB) in western USA and analyzed their dissemination by JPB (maxillae and fecal pellet) and fungivorous mites to identify if endogenous regulation drove the population. We hypothesized that: (1) as in near-endemic mountain pine beetle populations, JPB’s mutualistic fungus would either be less abundant in endemic than in non-endemic populations or that another fungus may be more prevalent; (2) JPB primarily transports its mutualistic fungus, while its fungivorous mites primarily transport another fungus, and (3) based on the prevalence of yeasts in bark beetle symbioses, that a mutualistic interaction with blue-stain fungi present in that system may exist. Grosmannia clavigera was the most frequent JPB symbiont; however, the new here reported antagonist, Ophiostoma minus, was second in frequency. As hypothesized, JPB mostly carried its mutualist fungus while another fungus (i.e., antagonistic) was mainly carried by mites, but no fungal transport was obligate. Furthermore, we found a novel mutualistic interaction between the yeast Kuraishia molischiana and G. clavigera which fostered a growth advantage at temperatures associated with beetle colonization.

Entomocorticium dendroctoni gen. et sp. nov. (Basidiomycotina), a possible nutritional symbiote of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
R. J. Bandoni ◽  
F. Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

A new basidiomycete, Entomocorticium dendroctoni Whitn., Band. & Oberw., gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This cryptic fungus intermingles with blue stain fungi and produces abundant essentially sessile basidiospores in the galleries and pupal chambers of the mountain pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). The insect apparently disseminates the fungus. Experimentally, young partially insectary reared adult beetles fed E. dendroctoni produced 19% more eggs than beetles fed the blue stain fungi.

scholarly journals Flavan-3-ols in Norway Spruce: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Function in Response to Attack by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Ceratocystis polonica

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 2107-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Christian Paetz ◽  
Louwrance P. Wright ◽  
Thilo C. Fischer ◽  
Joerg Bohlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Phenolic predictors for Norway spruce resistance to the bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and an associated fungus, Ceratocystis polonica

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Brignolas ◽  
François Lieutier ◽  
Daniel Sauvard ◽  
Erik Christiansen ◽  
Alan A. Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica
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