A mechanistic model for dengue under the coexistence ofAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictusin endemic areas

Even though tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been a notifiable disease in Croatia since 2007, there are no or only limited data available on the occurring tick species in the endemic areas, on the prevalence of TBE virus (TBEV) in ticks, its distribution in Croatia, and its genetic characteristics. Reporting of human cases also is very scarce. The Central European subtype of virus (TBEV-EU) appears to be present in Croatia

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Studies on the current epidemiological situation of brugian filariasis in endemic areas of Korea

The Korean Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.3347/kjp.1988.26.4.255 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yung Han Paik ◽

You Jung Cho ◽

Do Seo Koo ◽

Han Il Ree ◽

Jae Chul Shim

Keyword(s):

Endemic Areas ◽

Epidemiological Situation

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Evaluation of sand fly trapping methods and identification of potential sand fly vectors in leishmaniasis and bartonellosis endemic areas in the northern Peruvian Amazon

10.1603/ice.2016.114868 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Victor Zorrilla

Keyword(s):

Sand Fly ◽

Peruvian Amazon ◽

Trapping Methods ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Sand Fly Vectors

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Clinical Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Strongyloidiasis in a United States Urban Outpatient Dermatology Department: A Case Series

SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine ◽

10.25251/skin.1.3.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 156-160

Author(s):

Jacqueline Watchmaker ◽

Sean Legler ◽

Dianne De Leon ◽

Vanessa Pascoe ◽

Robert Stavert

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Case Series ◽

The United States ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Dermatology Department ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Serologic Testing ◽

Patient Reported ◽

History Of ◽

Endemic Areas

Background: Although considered a tropical disease, strongyloidiasis may be encountered in non-endemic regions, primarily amongst immigrants and travelers from endemic areas. Chronic strongyloides infection may be under-detected owing to its non-specific cutaneous presentation and the low sensitivity of commonly used screening tools. Methods: 18 consecutive patients with serologic evidence of strongyloides infestation who presented to a single urban, academic dermatology clinic between September 2013 and October 2016 were retrospectively included. Patient age, sex, country of origin, strongyloides serology titer, absolute eosinophil count, presenting cutaneous manifestations, and patient reported subjective outcome of pruritus after treatment were obtained via chart review. Results: Of the 18 patients, all had non-specific pruritic dermatoses, 36% had documented eosinophila and none were originally from the United States. A majority reported subjective improvement in their symptoms after treatment. Conclusion: Strongyloides infection and serologic testing should be considered in patients living in non-endemic regions presenting with pruritic dermatoses and with a history of exposure to an endemic area.Key Points:Chronic strongyloidiasis can be encountered in non-endemic areas and clinical manifestations are variableEosinophilia was not a reliable indicator of chronic infection in this case series Dermatologists should consider serologic testing for strongyloidiasis in patients with a history of exposure and unexplained pruritus

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Restriction of Access to Dark State: A New Mechanistic Model for Heteroatom-Containing AIE Systems

10.26434/chemrxiv.8275325.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yujie Tu ◽

Junkai Liu ◽

Haoke Zhang ◽

Qian Peng ◽

Jacky W. Y. Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Excited States ◽

Radiative Decay ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Zinc Ion ◽

Easy Access ◽

Triplet States ◽

Dark State ◽

Ion Probe ◽

Π State

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is an unusual photophysical phenomenon and provides an effective and advantageous strategy for the design of highly emissive materials in versatile applications such as sensing, imaging, and theragnosis. "Restriction of intramolecular motion" is the well-recognized working mechanism of AIE and have guided the molecular design of most AIE materials. However, it sometimes fails to be workable to some heteroatom-containing systems. Herein, in this work, we take more than one excited state into account and specify a mechanism –"restriction of access to dark state (RADS)" – to explain the AIE effect of heteroatom-containing molecules. An anthracene-based zinc ion probe named APA is chosen as the model compound, whose weak fluorescence in solution is ascribed to the easy access from the bright (π,π*) state to the closelying dark (n,π*) state caused by the strong vibronic coupling of the two excited states. By either metal complexation or aggregation, the dark state is less accessible due to the restriction of the molecular motion leading to the dark state and elevation of the dark state energy, thus the emission of the bright state is restored. RADS is found to be powerful in elucidating the photophysics of AIE materials with excited states which favor non-radiative decay, including overlap-forbidden states such as (n,π*) and CT states, spin-forbidden triplet states, which commonly exist in heteroatom-containing molecules.

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The nature of metacognitive inefficiency in perceptual decision making

10.31234/osf.io/g9qzh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Medha Shekhar ◽

Dobromir Rahnev

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Large Dataset ◽

Substantial Body ◽

Confidence Levels ◽

Continuous Scale ◽

Competing Models ◽

Metacognitive Ability ◽

Confidence Ratings

Humans have the metacognitive ability to judge the accuracy of their own decisions via confidence ratings. A substantial body of research has demonstrated that human metacognition is fallible but it remains unclear how metacognitive inefficiency should be incorporated into a mechanistic model of confidence generation. Here we show that, contrary to what is typically assumed, metacognitive inefficiency depends on the level of confidence. We found that, across five different datasets and four different measures of metacognition, metacognitive ability decreased with higher confidence ratings. To understand the nature of this effect, we collected a large dataset of 20 subjects completing 2,800 trials each and providing confidence ratings on a continuous scale. The results demonstrated a robustly nonlinear zROC curve with downward curvature, despite a decades-old assumption of linearity. This pattern of results was reproduced by a new mechanistic model of confidence generation, which assumes the existence of lognormally-distributed metacognitive noise. The model outperformed competing models either lacking metacognitive noise altogether or featuring Gaussian metacognitive noise. Further, the model could generate a measure of metacognitive ability which was independent of confidence levels. These findings establish an empirically-validated model of confidence generation, have significant implications about measures of metacognitive ability, and begin to reveal the underlying nature of metacognitive inefficiency.

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