scholarly journals Competition of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) on non-Bt corn

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. G. F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Bt Corn ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Bionomics of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Ectoparasitic Nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense, in South Georgia

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
C. E. Rogers ◽  
O. G. Marti ◽  
L. D. Chandler ◽  
A. M. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a perennial immigrant pest of several crops in south Georgia. Moths of S. frugiperda commonly are infested by an ectoparasitic nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain in the Southeast. The seasonal chronology and natural association of these species are reported for Tift Co. from 1988 to 1994. Seasonal influxes of non-infested moths usually arrive in late April and dissipate in early November. Seasonal influxes of infested male moths follow the initial immigrants by 4 to 6 wks and disappear in the fall from 1 to 2 mos earlier than the general moth populations. Feral male moths that are moderately worn and infested by N. guyanense weigh less than moderately worn, non-infested males. Noctuidonema guyanense infests moths of several species of noctuids, but it has not been found on the cotton bollworm/corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)], tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (Fab.)], or beet armyworm [S. exigua (Hubner)].

scholarly journals ADAPTATION OF THE CORN EARWORM SINGLE NUCLEOCAPCIDE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS (HELICOVERPA ZEA SNPV) FOR THE CONTROL OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM (HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA) POPULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
A. V. Kolosov ◽  
V. A. Ternovoy ◽  
A. N. Shvalov ◽  
A. A. Moiseeva ◽  
A. S. Safatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Base Substitutions ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation ◽  
Full Genomic Sequence ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) (Hz) single nucleocapcide nucleopolyhedrovirus (SNPV) was adapted to the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera, (Hübner, 1805) (Ha)) by five blind passages on larvae. The full genomic sequence of the resulting strain HS-18 has been determined (GenBank acc. №: KJ004000.1). Biological activity of the HS-18 strain is higher than the activity of all other Russian strains of NPV, as far as cotton bollworm strain HearSNPV-G4. HS-18-infected caterpillars at the 3-rd and 4-th ages died much faster than those infected with HearSNPV-G4 strain. A major difference of HS-18 genome is an 18 bp repeat in the RING-finger ORF that confirms high variability of this region. Three other insertions and seven base substitutions were observed earlier, while six base substitutions are new. Mutations are located at ORF42, lef-9, ORF58, VP39, PIF-4, P48, SOD, ORF111, ORF129 and ORF138 genes. Among all nucleotide mutation only one is synonymous. Thus we suppose the selective pressure to the virus. The resulting strain HS-18 is recommended as a biopesticide for controlling the number of cotton bollworm in cotton fields.

Behavioral Interactions Between the Hyperparasitoid Mesochorus discitergus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Four Species of Noctuid Caterpillars: Evasive Tactics and Capture Efficiency

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Baur ◽  
K. V. Yeargan
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Noctuid Species ◽  
Soybean Looper

The hyperparasitoid, Mesochorus discitergus (Say), oviposits into larvae of primary parasitoids while the latter are developing inside various lepidopteran hosts. To accomplish hyperparasitism, M. discitergus must capture the lepidopteran larvae. We studied the evasive behaviors of 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th instar Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (corn earworm), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (soybean looper), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (fall armyworm), and 2nd- and 4th-instar Plathypena scabra (Fabricius) (green cloverworm), as well as the effectiveness of these tactics in eluding capture by M. discitergus females. Most individuals of all instars of corn earworm and fall armyworm made minimal efforts to escape. Although not commonly used by corn earworm and fall armyworm, their occasional vigorous responses were effective in deterring M. discitergus females. Dropping from a leaf, either unattached or attached by a thread, was also effective for preventing capture of those two noctuid species. Soybean loopers and green cloverworms responded much more actively. Second-instars of both species dropped off the leaf on a thread, while 3rd- and 4th-instar soybean loopers commonly used vigorous responses. Fourth-instar green cloverworms used vigorous responses and dropping off the leaf. Overall, 68% of the caterpillars using the vigorous response were captured, while 39% of those dropping on a thread and about 26% of those dropping off a leaf, unattached by a thread, were captured. Green cloverworms and soybean loopers were more difficult to capture than corn earworms and fall armyworms.

INFESTAÇÃO DE MILHO CRIOULO, CONVENCIONAL E TRANSGÊNICO PELA LAGARTA-DO-CARTUCHO E PELA LAGARTA-DA-ESPIGA E PARASITISMO DE OVOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
CAMILA CORRÊA VARGAS ◽  
ROSANA MATOS DE MORAIS ◽  
LUIZA RODRIGUES REDAELLI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Santa Maria

RESUMO - O objetivo foi avaliar a infestação, o parasitismo de ovos e danos da lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), e da lagarta-da-espiga, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), em cultivares de milho: variedade crioulo (Lombo Baio), híbrido convencional (Semilha S395) e híbrido geneticamente modificado (Bt) (TC1507 Herculex I ®, Cry1F). O experimento foi conduzido em Santa Maria-RS, no período de segunda safra de 2014. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram registrados os danos, o número de lagartas, de posturas e o parasitismo em ovos da lagarta-do-cartucho, dos 9 aos 72 dias após a emergência das plantas (DAE). A infestação da lagarta-da-espiga e o parasitismo de ovos foram registrados dos 67 aos 101 DAE. Os danos causados pela lagarta-do-cartucho foram semelhantes entre milho crioulo e convencional, os quais foram mais elevados do que no milho geneticamente modificado Bt. O número médio de lagartas-do-cartucho foi maior em milho crioulo. A média do número total de lagartas-da-espiga foi semelhante entre milho crioulo e convencional e superior à do Bt. Foi registrado o parasitismo de ovos para a lagarta-da-espiga por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, nas três cultivares avaliadas, com porcentagens semelhantes entre milho crioulo e convencional e superior em milho Bt. Palavras-chave: Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea, Trichogramma pretiosum, Zea mays, manejo de pragas. INFESTATION IN INLANDRACE, CONVENTIONAL AND TRANSGENIC CORN BY FALL ARMYWORM AND CORN EARWORM, AND EGG PARASITISM  ABSTRACT - The objective of the work was to estimate the infestation and eggs parasitism of fall armyworm (J. E. Smith) and corn earworm (Boddie), in three corn varieties: landrace (LomboBaio), conventional hybrid (Semilha S395) and genetically modified hybrid (Bt) (TC1507 Herculex I ®, Cry1F). The experiment was carried out in Santa Maria-RS, during the second-season corn crop, in 2014. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with three treatments, and four replicates. We evaluated the damages, number of larvae, number of eggs and fall armyworm egg parasitism from 9 to 72 days after emergence (DAE). The infestation of corn earworm and the eggs parasitism were measured from 67 to 101 DAE. Fall armyworm damage was similar between landrace and conventional hybrid, and both higher than those of genetically modified hybrid Bt. Average number of fall armyworm larvae was higher in landrace cultivar. The average of total number of corn earworm larvae was similar on landrace and conventional hybrid, both higher than Bt hybrid. Corn earworm eggs parasitism by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was recorded in the three evaluated cultivars and similar parasitism percentage was observed between landrace and conventional hybrid, which was higher in Bt maize. Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea, Trichogramma pretiosum, Zea mays, pest management.

scholarly journals ACTION SPECTRUM OF Baculovirus spodoptera ON LEPIDOPTERA PESTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
CAMILA DA SILVA FERNANDES SOUZA ◽  
FERNANDO HERCOS VALICENTE ◽  
MARCOS ANTÔNIO MATIELLO FADINI ◽  
RICARDO ANTÔNIO POLANCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis

ABSTRACT - This work evaluated the spectrum of action of Baculovirus spodoptera (SfMNVP) - 6NR on the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, corn earworm Helicoverpa zea and the sugar cane borer Diatraea saccharalis, species of economic importance in maize. For the bioassays, corn leaves immersed in a baculovirus suspension were used for baculovirus inoculation in fall armyworm and earworm and pieces of sugar cane for the corn borer. The foods were immersed in viral solutions of different baculovirus concentrations determined in a Neubauer chamber. The control only distilled water was used instead of the baculovirus suspension. The larvae fed for 48 hours and were then transferred to an artificial diet, without the baculovirus. After evaluating mortality, the development of the offspring (F1) was accompanied, evaluating the parameters: mortality, pupation and the number of egg masses in the first generation. The baculovirus was specific to fall armyworm and innocuous to earworm and the corn borer in the first generation. In the second generation, baculovirus was innocuous for all three species. The percentage of pupation showed an inverse relation with mortality for the three species in two generations. The number of egg masses in F1 was lower in S. frugiperda, did not change for D. saccharalis and higher in H. zea.Keywords: Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis, entomopathogenie virus.ESPECTRO DE AÇÃO DE Baculovirus spodoptera A LEPIDÓPTEROS PRAGARESUMO - Neste trabalho foi avaliado o espectro de ação do Baculovirus spodoptera (SfMNVP) - 6NR à lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda, à lagarta-da-espiga Helicoverpa zea e à broca-da-milho Diatraea saccharalis, espécies de importância econômica na cultura do milho. Para a realização dos bioensaios foram utilizadas folhas de milho imersas em suspensão com o baculovírus em concentrações determinadas em câmara de Neubauer, para lagarta-do-cartucho e para lagarta-da-espiga. Para broca-do-milho o substrato utilizado foi colmo de cana-de-açúcar. Na testemunha foi utilizada somente água destilada ao invés da suspensão com o baculovírus. As lagartas se alimentaram por 48 horas, após este período, foram transferidas para dieta artificial sem o bacilovírus. Após a avaliação da mortalidade,odesenvolvimento da prole (F1) foi acompanhado sendo avaliados os parâmetros: mortalidade, pupação e o número de massas de ovos na primeira geração. O baculovírus foi especifico para lagarta-do-cartucho e inócuo tanto para lagarta-da-espiga quanto para broca-do-milho na primeira geração. Na segunda geração, o baculovírus foi inócuo para as três espécies. A porcentagem de pupação apresentou relação inversa com a mortalidade para as três espécies nas duas gerações. O número de massas de ovos na F1 foi menor em S. frugiperda, não alterado para D. saccharalis e maior em H. zea.Palavras-chave: Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, Diatraea saccharalis, vírus entomopatogênico.

Survival of Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae) in Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Low Temperatures and Short Days

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Proshold ◽  
J. E. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Short Days

Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) was reared on corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), or fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Rearing chambers were programmed for a constant temperature of 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, or 25°C and a photoperiod of 10:14 h (L:D) or 25°C and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L:D). Development of parasitoids was faster when corn earworm larvae were parasitized than when fall armyworm larvae were parasitized. At 15°C parasitoid survival was poor on both hosts but at 16°C, more parasitoids eclosed on corn earworm than fall armyworm. Diapause induction in this strain of corn earworm was low. All pupae that eclosed after being in diapause produced an adult corn earworm. The data suggested that A. marmoratus is not influenced by diapause induction in its host but continues to develop above the threshold temperature for survival. This would restrict its overwintering as a larva or pupa to regions that have a continuous, nondiapausing host population. Thus, yearly establishment of A. marmoratus in more temperate areas would be required.

scholarly journals Comparative Toxicity of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Selected Insecticides

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando R. da Silva ◽  
Dario Trujillo ◽  
Oderlei Bernardi ◽  
Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues ◽  
Woodward D. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Old World Bollworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Until recently, the Old World bollworm (OWB) Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were geographically isolated. Both species are major pests of agricultural commodities that are known to develop insecticide resistance, and they now coexist in areas where H. armigera invaded the Americas. This is the first study to compare the susceptibility of the two species to conventional insecticides. The susceptibility of third instar H. armigera and H. zea larvae to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad was determined using a diet-overlay bioassay in a quarantine laboratory in Puerto Rico. Mortality was assessed at 48 h after exposure for up to eight concentrations per insecticide. Spinetoram exhibited the highest acute toxicity against H. armigera, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.11 µg a.i./cm2, followed by indoxacarb and spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2 for both) and methomyl (0.32 µg a.i./cm2). Spinetoram was also the most toxic to H. zea (LC50 of 0.08 µg a.i./cm2), followed by spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2) and methomyl (0.18 µg a.i./cm2). Indoxacarb was the least toxic to H. zea, with an LC50 of 0.21 µg a.i./cm2. These findings could serve as a comparative reference for monitoring the susceptibility of H. armigera and H. zea to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad in Puerto Rico, and may facilitate the detection of field-selected resistance for these two species and their potential hybrids in areas recently invaded by H. armigera.

Peanut Fungicides: Effect on Survival and Development of the Corn Earworm, Fall Armyworm, and Velvetbean Caterpillar1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Comparable Concentration ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Army Worm

Abstract The fungicides chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, and propiconazole commonly used for control of peanut diseases were evaluated for activity against the corn earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)], fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)], and velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner). Chlorothalonil most adversely affected early establishment and survival of neonates of all three insect species on peanut terminal buds. Chlorothalonil also decreased the weight of larvae of all three species at 10 d and extended the time to pupation for fall armyworm and velvetbean caterpillar larvae. Similarly, tebuconazole adversely affected early survival and establishment, decreased 10-d weight and extended time to pupation of corn earworm and velvetbean caterpillar larvae, but had little effect on fall armyworm larvae. Propiconazole had no effect on establishment and survival of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae on peanut terminals, and actually increased the weight of 10-d-old larvae for all three insects over that recorded for the untreated control. Orthogonal comparisons of the activity of five chlorothalonil-based fungicides against the fall army-worm showed that the activity was due to chlorothalonil rather than to formulation. At equivalent concentrations used in the field, Bravo Ultrex® was significantly more active against larvae of the fall armyworm than was a comparable concentration of Bravo 72®. However, regression lines did not differ for the two fungicides for any of the developmental parameters measured when larvae of all three species were fed different concentrations of Bravo 720® and Bravo Ultrex® in their meridic diet.

Evaluation of Bt Transgenic Sweet Corn Hybrids for Resistance to Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using a Meridic Diet Bioassay2

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Wiseman ◽  
R. E. Lynch ◽  
D. Plaisted ◽  
D. Warnick
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

A laboratory bioassay was used to evaluate Bt transgenic sweet corn hybrids for resistance against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Whorl leaves, silks, and kernels, either fresh or oven-dried and ground with a mill, were incorporated into a dilute pinto bean diet and bioassayed against neonate, 3-, or 6-day-old larvae. Regardless of age of the larvae, results with the diet bioassay using fresh silks, oven-dried silks or fresh kernels were highly correlated with those for the fresh silk bioassay. Differences in susceptibility between insect species to the CrylA(b) toxin produced in the transgenic plants were also readily discernable using the diet bioassay. Based on results of the bioassays, Novartis sweet corn hybrids containing a crylA(b) gene gene for δ-endotoxin production were very highly resistant to leaf, silk and kernel feeding by the corn earworm and highly resistant to leaf and silk feeding by the fall armyworm.

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