Studies on locomotory behaviour of susceptible and insecticide-resistant populations ofPlutella xylostella(Linnaeus)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anureet Kaur Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Locomotory Behaviour

The locomotory behaviour of small groups of fibroblasts

1965 ◽  
Vol 162 (988) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Locomotory Behaviour ◽  
Chick Embryo Heart ◽  
Embryo Heart ◽  
Random Nature ◽  
Chemotactic Gradient

Small groups of two to four fibroblasts at the periphery of outgrowths from cultured explants of chick embryo heart were isolated from their neighbours by sweeping away the nearby cells. The groups and the explants were left attached to the glass substrate, undisturbed. The behaviour of the isolated cells was photographically recorded during about 8 h of further culture. The cells of these groups dispersed, though not as a rule so far as to lose all mutual contacts, the dispersal being counterbalanced by the addition of new cells through mitosis. The accompanying changes in speed of locomotion, and the non-random nature of the spreading, are interpreted in terms of the effects of contacts between the cells. During the first four hours after isolation, but not thereafter, the cells of the groups on the average moved slowly away from the explant. Control groups in an intact outgrowth moved away faster and with no diminution of speed during the period of observation. The movement of the isolated groups can be partly accounted for by the tendency of cells to conserve for a time the direction of their movement before isolation; and by a strong reluctance of the isolated cells to move across the area, from which cells had been scraped away, that lay between the group and the explant. A new outgrowth of the residual sheet of cells still connected to the explant, however, advanced across this area, approaching and in most cases overhauling the isolated group. It is concluded that a chemotactic gradient around the explant is unlikely to play any significant part in the outward movement of fibroblasts from an explant in tissue culture. The cells of the isolated groups underwent an outburst of mitosis about 3 h after isolation. Mitoses in these relatively free cells are oriented in relation to the polarity of the cell before division. Locomotion of the daughter-cells tends to be faster than usual for at least 2 h after a cell divides.

STEPPING PATTERNS IN ANTS - INFLUENCE OF BODY MORPHOLOGY

1994 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zollikofer
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Tripod Gait ◽  
Locomotory Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Coordination Patterns

The locomotory behaviour of 12 ant species belonging to four different genera (Formicinae: Cataglyphis, Formica, Lasius; Myrmicinae: Myrmica) was studied by filming individuals during walking on smoked-glass plates. Subsequent multivariate analyses of walking kinematics and footfall positions showed marked species-specific as well as size-dependent differences in the locomotory behaviour. The geometric properties of the footfall patterns resulting from the alternating tripod gait scale to leg dimensions in a geometric manner. At high speed, footprint distances between succeeding tripods exceed maximum leg extension, indicating that ants are 'trotting' from one tripod to the next one with intermittent aerial phases. In at least one species (Cataglyphis bombycina), there is evidence for quadrupedal locomotion at the highest speed. The functional relationship between stride length (s, the distance between successive footprints of the same foot) and speed (v) was best described by a curvilinear model, s=avb. Exponent b ranges from 0.3 to 0.6 and reveals differences between species. Within species, exponent b is constant, whereas factor a scales to leg length. Females and males show metachronal interleg coordination patterns rather than the alternating tripod coordination pattern seen in workers of the same species.

Effect of colcemid on the locomotory behaviour of fibroblasts

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-640
Author(s):  
Ju. M. Vasiliev ◽  
I. M. Gelfand ◽  
L. V. Domnina ◽  
O. Y. Ivanova ◽  
S. G. Komm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Active State ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Locomotory Behaviour ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblast

Effects of metaphase inhibitors (colcemid, colchicine, vinblastine) on mouse and human embryonic, fibroblast-like cells growing on glass and on an oriented substrate (fish scale) were studied. All three inhibitors caused similar changes in the form of interphase cells and inhibited their directional locomotion. The effects of two inhibitors (colcemid and vinblastine) were found to be completely reversible. Microcinematographic studies have shown that the most conspicuous change of locomotory behaviour induced by colcemid was the disappearance of non-active stable parts of the cell edge; in normal cells only the leading part of the edge was actively moving, while in colcemid-treated cells all parts of the edge eventually became active. Activation of the whole edge made these cells unable to perform directional translocation. It is suggested that colcemid and other metaphase inhibitors prevent stabilization of the non-active state of the cell surface. The possible role of this suggested colcemid-sensitive stabilization mechanism in the normal locomotory behaviour of fibroblasts is discussed. Electron-microscopic examination has shown that microtubules disappeared from the cytoplasm of colcemid-treated, mouse, fibroblast-like cells. The formation of microtubules as the possible structural basis of the stabilization of the non-active state of the cell surface is discussed.

Neurophysiology of glutamatergic signalling and anthelmintic action in Ascaris suum: pharmacological evidence for a kainate receptor

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Synaptic Potentials ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues ◽  
Locomotory Behaviour ◽  
Reversal Potentials

Electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques were used to study glutamatergic signalling in the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Glutamate or kainate injections into whole worms produced a paralysed quasi-static posture similar to the waveform in behaving worms. The DE2 motorneuron class is a primary target. Several glutamatergic substances produced pronounced conductance increases and depolarization in DE2; domoate and kainate were the most potent agonists tested. Glutamate responses and spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic potentials in DE2 were reversibly blocked in sodium-free saline. DE2 sensitivity to exogenous glutamate was sustained during block of synaptic transmission suggesting that glutamatergic receptors are located on DE2 neurons. The glutamate-induced response was localized to the DE2 dendrite, coincident with the synapses responsible for spontaneous potentials in DE2. Steady-state potentials reached during glutamate superfusion were similar to the reversal potentials for both the spontaneous post-synaptic potentials and glutamate, also suggesting that these potentials may be glutamatergic. Non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists partially blocked spontaneous DE2 excitatory potentials and responses elicited by exogenous glutamate and kainate. This glutamatergic pathway may play a role in nematode locomotory behaviour and account for the paralysing anthelmintic action of excitatory amino acid analogues like kainate and domoate.

Static electric fields modify the locomotory behaviour of cockroaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jackson ◽  
E. Hunt ◽  
S. Sharkh ◽  
P. L. Newland
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Locomotory Behaviour ◽  
Static Electric Fields
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