Cytochrome P450 monooxigenase genes (CYP) associated with pyrethroid resistance in the Chagas disease vectorTriatoma infestans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Pedrini
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance

scholarly journals Escalation of Pyrethroid Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Induces a Loss of Efficacy of Piperonyl Butoxide–Based Insecticide-Treated Nets in Mozambique

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M Riveron ◽  
Silvie Huijben ◽  
Williams Tchapga ◽  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Murielle J Wondji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

Abstract Background Insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to insecticide-based interventions in Africa. There is a fear that resistance escalation could jeopardize malaria control efforts. Monitoring of cases of aggravation of resistance intensity and its impact on the efficacy of control tools is crucial to predict consequences of resistance. Methods The resistance levels of an Anopheles funestus population from Palmeira, southern Mozambique, were characterized and their impact on the efficacy of various insecticide-treated nets established. Results A dramatic loss of efficacy of all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), including piperonyl butoxide (PBO)–based nets (Olyset Plus), was observed. This An. funestus population consistently (2016, 2017, and 2018) exhibited a high degree of pyrethroid resistance. Molecular analyses revealed that this resistance escalation was associated with a massive overexpression of the duplicated cytochrome P450 genes CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, and also the fixation of the resistance CYP6P9a_R allele in this population in 2016 (100%) in contrast to 2002 (5%). However, the low recovery of susceptibility after PBO synergist assay suggests that other resistance mechanisms could be involved. Conclusions The loss of efficacy of pyrethroid-based LLINs with and without PBO is a concern for the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions, and action should be taken to prevent the spread of such super-resistance.

scholarly journals The cytochrome P450 CYP6P4 is responsible for the high pyrethroid resistance in knockdown resistance-free Anopheles arabiensis

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman S. Ibrahim ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Robert Stott ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
Charles S. Wondji
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Knockdown Resistance

scholarly journals Identifying Current and Missing Knowledge in the Control of Pyrethroid-Resistant Triatoma infestans, Vector of Chagas Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Roca Acevedo ◽  
María Inés Picollo
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Vector Transmission ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Deltamethrin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification

Triatomines are blood-sucking bugs that occur mainly in Latin America. They are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chemical control of Chagas disease´s vectors by using pyrethroid insecticides has been highly successful for the elimination of domestic infestation and consequently the reduction of the vector transmission. However, at the beginning of the 2000s a decrease in the effectiveness of the chemical control of triatomines was detected in several areas from Argentina and Bolivia, particularly in the Gran Chaco eco-region.During the last 15 years, several studies demonstrated the evolution of insecticide resistance in Triatoma infestans and established the presence of different toxicological profiles, the autosomal inherence of resistance, the biological costs of deltamethrin resistance, the expression of deltamethrin resistance thorough the embryonic development, and the main mechanisms of resistance (target-site insensitivity and metabolic detoxification of insecticides).The emergence of pyrethroid resistance coupled with the usual difficulties in sustaining adequate rates of insecticide applications emphasize the need of incorporating other tools for integrated vector and disease control, such as the proposal of the organo-phosphorus insecticide fenitrothion as an alternative chemical strategy for the management of the resistance because it was effective against pyrethroid-resistant populations in laboratory and semi-field trials.New studies on the current situation of presence and spread of resistant populations of triatomines and the acceptance of the use of alternative insecticides are critical requirements in the implementation of strategies for the management of resistance and for the rational design of campaigns oriented to reducing the vector transmission of Chagas’ disease.

scholarly journals Evaluating insecticide resistance across African districts to aid malaria control decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22042-22050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Moyes ◽  
Duncan K. Athinya ◽  
Tara Seethaler ◽  
Katherine E. Battle ◽  
Marianne Sinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
The World ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Health Organization

Malaria vector control may be compromised by resistance to insecticides in vector populations. Actions to mitigate against resistance rely on surveillance using standard susceptibility tests, but there are large gaps in the monitoring data across Africa. Using a published geostatistical ensemble model, we have generated maps that bridge these gaps and consider the likelihood that resistance exceeds recommended thresholds. Our results show that this model provides more accurate next-year predictions than two simpler approaches. We have used the model to generate district-level maps for the probability that pyrethroid resistance inAnopheles gambiaes.l. exceeds the World Health Organization thresholds for susceptibility and confirmed resistance. In addition, we have mapped the three criteria for the deployment of piperonyl butoxide-treated nets that mitigate against the effects of metabolic resistance to pyrethroids. This includes a critical review of the evidence for presence of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic resistance mechanisms across Africa. The maps for pyrethroid resistance are available on the IR Mapper website, where they can be viewed alongside the latest survey data.

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