Transovarial transmission of a begomovirus by its whitefly vector

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Whitefly Vector

scholarly journals Tick Ecdysteroid Hormone, Global Microbiota/Rickettsia Signaling in the Ovary versus Carcass during Vitellogenesis in Part-Fed (Virgin) American Dog Ticks, Dermacentor variabilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Loganathan Ponnusamy ◽  
Haley Sutton ◽  
Robert D. Mitchell ◽  
Daniel E. Sonenshine ◽  
Charles S. Apperson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Total Bacteria

The transovarial transmission of tick-borne bacterial pathogens is an important mechanism for their maintenance in natural populations and transmission, causing disease in humans and animals. The mechanism for this transmission and the possible role of tick hormones facilitating this process have never been studied. Injections of physiological levels of the tick hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), into part-fed (virgin) adult females of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, attached to the host caused a reduction in density of Rickettsia montanensis in the carcass and an increase in the ovaries compared to buffer-injected controls. This injection initiates yolk protein synthesis and uptake by the eggs but has no effect on blood feeding. Francisella sp. and R. montanensis were the predominant bacteria based on the proportionality in the carcass and ovary. The total bacteria load increased in the carcass and ovaries, and bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas increased in the carcass after the 20E injection. The mechanism of how the Rickettsia species respond to changes in tick hormonal regulation needs further investigation. Multiple possible mechanisms for the proliferation of R. montanensis in the ovaries are proposed.

scholarly journals Bemisia tabaci Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 Interacts with Begomoviruses and Plays a Role in Virus Acquisition

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Yun-Yun Fan ◽  
Yu-Wei Zhong ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yao Chi ◽  
Sophie Bouvaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector

Begomoviruses cause substantial losses to agricultural production, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and are exclusively transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission of begomoviruses by their whitefly vector are not clear. In this study, we found that B. tabaci vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (BtVAMP2) interacts with the coat protein (CP) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), an emergent begomovirus that seriously impacts tomato production globally. After infection with TYLCV, the transcription of BtVAMP2 was increased. When the BtVAMP2 protein was blocked by feeding with a specific BtVAMP2 antibody, the quantity of TYLCV in B. tabaci whole body was significantly reduced. BtVAMP2 was found to be conserved among the B. tabaci species complex and also interacts with the CP of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV). When feeding with BtVAMP2 antibody, the acquisition quantity of SLCMV in whitefly whole body was also decreased significantly. Overall, our results demonstrate that BtVAMP2 interacts with the CP of begomoviruses and promotes their acquisition by whitefly.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of the emerging tick-borne pathogen Borrelia miyamotoi in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) in New York

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Keesing ◽  
D. J. McHenry ◽  
M. H. Hersh ◽  
R. S. Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

AbstractBorrelia miyamotoi, a bacterium that causes relapsing fever, is found in ixodid ticks throughout the northern hemisphere. The first cases of human infection with B. miyamotoi were identified in 2011. In the eastern USA, blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) become infected by feeding on an infected vertebrate host, or through transovarial transmission. We surveyed B. miyamotoi prevalence in ticks within forested habitats in Dutchess County, New York, and identified possible reservoir hosts. To assess spatial variation in infection, we collected questing nymphal ticks at > 150 sites. To assess temporal variation in infection, we collected questing nymphs for 8 years at a single study site. We collected questing larval ticks from nine plots to estimate the amount of transovarial transmission. To evaluate potential reservoir hosts, we captured 14 species of mammal and bird hosts naturally infested with larval blacklegged ticks and held these hosts in the laboratory until ticks fed to repletion and molted to nymphs. We determined infection for all ticks using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The overall infection prevalence of questing nymphal ticks across all sites was ~ 1%, but prevalence at individual sites was as high as 9.1%. We detected no significant increase in infection through time. Only 0.4% of questing larval ticks were infected. Ticks having fed as larvae from short-tailed shrews, red squirrels, and opossums tended to have higher infection prevalence than did ticks having fed on other hosts. Further studies of the role of hosts in transmission are warranted. The locally high prevalence of B. miyamotoi in the New York/New England landscape suggests the importance of vigilance by health practitioners and the public.

scholarly journals Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Shepherd ◽  
R. Swanepoel ◽  
S. P. Shepherd ◽  
P. A. Leman ◽  
O. Mathee
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hyalomma Truncatum ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Tick Vectors

SUMMARYIn order to determine the way in which vertebrates infected with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus and potential ixodid tick vectors interact in nature, immature and adult ticks of several species were fed on viraemic mammals and then assayed for virus content at varying times after feeding. CCHF virus was not isolated from ticks of six species tested after feeding as adults and immature forms on sheep with viraemia of 102·5−3·2LD 50/ml, nor from larval ticks fed on guinea-pigs and white-tailed rats with viraemia of 101·9−2·7LD 50/ml. In contrast, virus was isolated from 10 of 152 pools of engorged adult ticks of 5 species that fed on cattle with viraemia of 101·5−2·7LD 50/ml and from 3 of 137 female ticks after oviposition. Infection was transmitted to larval and nymphalHyalomma truncatumandH. marginatum rufipes, but not toRhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, from a scrub hare with viraemia of 104·250/ml but only nymphalH. truncatumandH. m. rufipesbecame infected from scrub hares with viraemia of 102·6−2·7LD 50/ml. Infection was transmitted trans-stadially inH. m. rufipesandH. truncatuminfected as nymphae, and adultH. m. rufipestransmitted infection to a sheep. No evidence of transovarial transmission was found in larval progeny of ticks exposed to CCHF virus as adults on sheep and cattle or as immatures on scrub hares.

scholarly journals Vector competence and transovarial transmission of two Aedes aegypti strains to Zika virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-xiao Li ◽  
Xiao-xia Guo ◽  
Yong-qiang Deng ◽  
Dan Xing ◽  
Ai-juan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Transovarial Transmission

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Field Populations of Begomoviruses and of Their Vector Bemisia tabaci in Pakistan

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Simón ◽  
José Luis Cenis ◽  
Francisco Beitia ◽  
Saif Khalid ◽  
Ignacio M. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Whitefly Vector

The genetic structure of field populations of begomoviruses and their whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci in Pakistan was analyzed. Begomoviruses and B. tabaci populations were sampled from different crops and weeds in different locations in Punjab and Sindh provinces, in areas where cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) occurs or does not occur. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of the intergenic region in the viral DNA-A provided evidence of two clusters of isolates: viruses isolated from species in the family Malvaceae, and viruses isolated from other dicotyledon families. Analysis of the capsid protein (CP) open reading frame grouped isolates into three geographical clusters, corresponding to isolates collected in Punjab, Sindh, or both provinces. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of the B. tabaci population showed that intrapopulation diversity was high at both the local and regional scales. Sequence analysis of the mitocondrial cytochrome oxydase I (mt COI) gene showed that the B. tabaci population was structured into at least three genetic lineages corresponding to the previously described Indian, Southeast Asian, and Mediterranean-African clades. The Indian clade was present only in Punjab, the Mediterranean-African only in Sindh, and the Southeast Asian in both provinces. B. tabaci haplotypes of the Indian clade were found only in the Punjab, where CLCuD occurs. Hence, the geographical distribution of virus and vector genotypes may be correlated, because similar phylogenetic relationships were detected for the viral CP and the vector mt COI genes.

African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Joseph Alabi ◽  
Rabson M. Mulenga
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

Abstract Cassava is vegetatively propagated therefore ACMV and other CMGs are primarily transmitted via movement of contaminated cuttings. Consequently, introductions of specific CMGs into new localities mirror patterns of cassava cuttings exchange among farmers. Once infected cuttings are planted, the virus establishes easily and can be transmitted within and between fields through the feeding behaviour of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. ACMV is particularly invasive in that it is the most widespread of all known CMGs, occurring across all cassava-producing countries of Africa in cassava and several alternative host plants (Thottappilly et al., 2003; Alabi et al. 2015). ACMV has also been reported infecting non-cultivated exotic cotton species in Pakistan (Nawaz-Ul-Rehman et al., 2012) further underscoring its invasive nature. Yield loss due to CMD can range from 12 to 82%, depending on the cassava variety and infection type (Owor et al., 2004). ACMV is not on the IUCN or ISSG alert list.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document