Beach plum (Prunus maritima) (Rosaceae) as an overlooked lepidopteran host: Life histories of the dune noctuid (Sympistis riparia) and the coastal heathland cutworm (Abagrotis nefascia) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Z Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Beach Plum ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Lepidopteran Host

Fungi with heteroxenous life histories

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1334-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Malloch
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Host Life ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dispersal Events

Heteroxenous (multiple host) life histories are characteristic of many groups of parasitic protista and animals, including Zoomastigina, Apicomplexa, Mesozoa, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Pentastomida, and Arthropoda. Parasitic fungi, including the Chytridiomycota and the Dikaryomycota (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), may also have heteroxenous life histories and have many features in common with parasites from other groups. In spite of many conceptual similarities, the study of parasitic fungi has occurred in isolation, resulting in the creation of a separate vocabulary and literature. Many of the concepts developed by zoologists are useful to mycologists and allow examination of parasitic fungi from new perspectives. These new perspectives reveal that heteroxenous fungi are not only similar to heteroxenous protistans and animals but that they also have unique characteristics of their own. Chief among these is a high level of endocyclic asexual reproduction, a phenomenon promoting exponential increases of infections in definitive host populations. Heteroxeny appears to have a number of benefits including (i) increased lifetime reproductive success, (ii) increased transmission efficiency (iii) enhanced effectiveness in colonizing ephemeral or periodically appearing hosts and hosts occurring in low population densities, (iv) maintenance or enhancement of overdispersed frequency distributions in host populations, and (v) enhancement of genetic exchange through multiple dispersal events. Key words: fungi, heteroxenous, parasite, life histories.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

Avian haemosporidian prevalence and its relationship to host life histories in eastern Tennessee

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix E. Matthews ◽  
Vincenzo A. Ellis ◽  
Alison A. Hanson ◽  
Jackson R. Roberts ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Host Life

BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): V. REARING PROCEDURES, AND LIFE CYCLES OF 36 SPECIES

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Hinks ◽  
J. R. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractA rearing method, based upon an artificial diet, has proved successful in establishing laboratory colonies of 36 species of the genus Euxoa. The diet is described, along with methods for controlling disease, particularly by the use of antimicrobial agents.Many of the 36 species of Euxoa have not been reared before and their habits and life histories are little known. The data derived from their development under laboratory conditions and which can be related to seasonal distribution are recorded. Particular emphasis is given to the overwintering stage and to the occurrence of an aestivating stage.

Comparative Performance of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reared on Various Cereal-Based Artificial Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2986-2996
Author(s):  
Tao Jin ◽  
Yu-ying Lin ◽  
Hsin Chi ◽  
Kai-ping Xiang ◽  
Guang-chang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a polyphagous and highly destructive agricultural pest that invaded mainland China in 2019. To facilitate research on this pest, it is important to formulate and formalize a suitable artificial diet based on local ingredients. In this study, the life histories of fall armyworm reared on corn leaves and four artificial diets were recorded. The four artificial diets used were: soybean and sucrose-based (SS), soybean and wheat germ-based (SW), chickpea and wheat germ-based (CPW), and corn and soybean-based (CNS). The intrinsic rates of increase were 0.1957, 0.1981, 0.1816, 0.1748, and 0.1464 per day in the fall armyworm populations fed corn leaves, CNS, SW, CPW, and SS, respectively. The highest fecundity (F = 1225.4 eggs per female) and net reproduction rate (R0 = 544.7 offspring per individual) were observed for the fall armyworm reared on the CNS diet. Moreover, the developmental rate, survival rate, and fecundity were used to calculate the projection of the population growth. Projection results showed that the fall armyworm populations can increase considerably faster when fed the CNS diet compared with the other diets. In addition, the mass-rearing system showed that the most efficient and economical strategy would be to rear the fall armyworm on the CNS diet. The results indicated that the CNS diet was the most suitable diet for the fall armyworm mass rearing.

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