The need for self-dispersing mosquito control technologies in urban areas: Update on releases of genetically modified male mosquitoes for suppression ofAe. aegyptiin the Florida Keys

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

scholarly journals Ground Applications of Vectobac® WDG with A1 Super-Duty Mist Sprayer® and Micronair® AU5000 Atomizer for Suppression of Aedes aegypti Populations in the Florida Keys

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Murray ◽  
Catherine A. Pruszynski ◽  
Lawrence J. Hribar
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Key West ◽  
F1 Generation

ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) has used the WALS® application strategy with VectoBac® WDG containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis via helicopter in Key West for the control of Aedes aegypti larval populations. In 2018, FKMCD conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of using a trailer-mounted A1 Super Duty Mist Sprayer® (A1 Mist Sprayers) with a Micronair® AU5000 (Micron Group) atomizer to apply VectoBac WDG by ground at the rate of 0.5 lb/acre (0.56 kg/ha). Bioassay cups were placed in a residential area encompassing open, moderate, and heavy cover scenarios between 0 and 300 ft (0–91.44 m) perpendicular to the spray line. An application rate of 0.5 lbs/acre (0.56 kg/ha) was used. Bioassay cups were collected after application and returned to the laboratory where 100 ml of distilled water and 10 F1 generation Ae. aegypti larvae were added. Laval mortality was monitored at 2, 4, and 24 h. Three separate runs were completed during the summer of 2018. Average larval mortality at 24 h was >90%. The field trial demonstrated sufficient efficacy to introduce this method of larviciding into operational use.

scholarly journals RNA Interference Is Enhanced by Knockdown of Double-Stranded RNases in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Giesbrecht ◽  
Daniel Heschuk ◽  
Ian Wiens ◽  
David Boguski ◽  
Parker LaChance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Rna Targeting ◽  
Aegypti Genome ◽  
Control Technologies

RNA interference (RNAi) techniques are being developed for a range of pest insect control technologies, including the sterile insect technique (SIT) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-based insecticides. In SIT applications, where >99% of the released males should be sterile to meet industry standards, the efficiency of RNAi will need to be improved for many insect species if this technology is to be adopted. Endogenous dsRNases can impede dsRNA delivery in some insects, and, here, we investigated whether dsRNases in the midgut could limit RNAi efficacy in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Ten putative dsRNases were identified in the Ae. aegypti genome, with two highly expressed in the midguts of larvae. Using an ex vivo assay, we observed that dsRNA was rapidly degraded within the mosquito larva’s gut. Double-stranded RNA targeting these two dsRNases, when fed to the larvae, effectively reduced gut dsRNase activity. When these dsRNase-specific dsRNAs were co-delivered with dsRNA targeting a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter gene, greater knockdown of CFP fluorescence was observed. These results suggest that inhibiting dsRNase activity could enable the implementation of RNAi-based mosquito control methods.

scholarly journals An overview on nano-materials as mosquito controlling agents against Anopheles stephensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Plant Parts

Mosquitoes are very obnoxious insects and vectors of many diseases like malaria, filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, encephalitis etc. Among these, malaria is transmitted by Anopheles stephensi mainly in urban areas across the temperate country. So, there is an imperative requirement to imply some mechanisms to reduce the mosquito vector to facilitate the reduction of vector borne diseases throughout the globe. But, mosquito control strategies are now in front of a threat because mosquito populations get resistance against the available synthetic insecticides. Besides the chemical insecticides, several other ways to control the vector population proved unsuccessful in most of the cases. Now, various researchers are trying to develop an alternate effective approach to eradicate malaria from the earth by controlling its vector by using a product which is ecofreindly, cost effective, biodegradable, non-toxic and selective in nature. So, by the amalgamation of the two fields namely the nanotechnology and the vector managements, a new field is now opened up for decades, “the green synthesized nanoparticles as mosquito control agents”. The plant-based, fabricated nanoparticles are beneficial over the synthetic one since it is economical, eco-friendly and non-toxic to nature. Silver, gold, zinc, cobalt, copper etc. nanoparticles are green fabricated with different plant parts, fungi as well as bacteria. These nano-materials are of less than 100 nm in diameter and are currently used in various fields of industry. So, adapting the nano-biotechnology to control the mosquito vector is the need of the hour. In this present review we focused on potential role of nano-materials as mosquito control agent against An. stephensi at different life stages of it.

scholarly journals West Nile virus in humans, Greece, 2018: the largest seasonal number of cases, 9 years after its emergence in the country

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danai Pervanidou ◽  
Annita Vakali ◽  
Theano Georgakopoulou ◽  
Takis Panagiotopoulos ◽  
Eleni Patsoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Public Health Organization ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Organization

Background Human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection are recorded since 2010 in Greece, with seasonal outbreaks occurring almost annually. Enhanced surveillance has been implemented since 2010, to promptly characterise cases’ temporal and geographical distribution and inform authorities for implementation of appropriate measures (mosquito control, health education, blood safety). Aim We describe the epidemiology of WNV human infections in Greece focusing on the 2018 season. Methods The National Public Health Organization advised physicians to test all suspect WNV infection cases and refer samples to reference laboratories. Laboratories notified diagnosed cases on a daily basis. Treating physicians, patients, and infected blood donors were interviewed within 48 hours after diagnosis and the probable infection location was identified. Hospitalised cases were followed up until discharge. Results A total of 317 autochthonous WNV infection cases were diagnosed in 2018. Among them, 243 cases had neuroinvasive disease (WNND), representing a 23% increase of WNND cases compared with 2010, the previous most intense season. There were 51 deaths. Cases started occurring from week 22, earlier than usual. Both rural and urban areas were affected, with 86 (26% of the total) municipalities belonging to seven (54% of the total) regions recording cases. Two major epicentres were identified in Attica and Central Macedonia regions. Conclusions The largest number of human cases of WNV infection ever recorded in Greece occurred in 2018, with a wide geographical distribution, suggesting intense virus circulation. Enhanced surveillance is vital for the early detection of human cases and the prompt implementation of response measures.

Fertility control in female eastern grey kangaroos using the GnRH agonist deslorelin. 1. Effects on reproduction

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Herbert ◽  
T. E. Trigg ◽  
D. W. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Control Technologies

Eastern grey kangaroos are widespread on the east coast of Australia and frequently reach high densities in reserves and parkland near urban areas. Management of these populations is highly contentious and non-lethal fertility-control technologies are sought as an alternative option to manage population size. This study evaluated the potential of slow-release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (deslorelin) implants to inhibit reproduction in female kangaroos. Deslorelin treatment effectively inhibited reproduction in adult females for periods of 559 ± 111 days (n = 6) and 651 ± 21 days (n = 5) after administration of one or two 10-mg implants respectively. Animals treated with the lower dosage tended to resume breeding earlier than those that received a total of 20 mg of deslorelin (minimum duration of 18 months). Deslorelin treatment had no effect on blastocyst reactivation in a single treated female and repeat treatment had no negative side-effects. This study has demonstrated that slow-release deslorelin implants can successfully inhibit reproduction for extended periods in the female eastern grey kangaroos. This approach may have potential application in reproductive management of problem kangaroo populations.

Teaching Public, Scientific Controversy: Genetically Modified Mosquitoes in the Technical Writing Classroom

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Stephanie Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Technical Writing ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Scientific Controversy ◽  
Rhetorical Situation ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Public Health Initiative ◽  
Writing Students ◽  
Genetically Modified Mosquitoes

The release of genetically modified mosquitoes in the Florida Keys is part of a public health initiative to limit the spread of infectious disease. The local debate over this proposed action provides a current case study of a public, scientific controversy in which citizens and officials disagree about what is best for the community. The case study challenges technical writing students to consider complex cultural circuits, or networks, that comprise a specific controversy. The students analyze the rhetorical situation, create new content that contributes to the ongoing discussion, and learn about audience through usability testing their multimodal projects.

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