An electrical wild silkmoth antenna and single food leaf nutrition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Kosuge
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Nutrition

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE ANNUAL APPLICATIONS OF TERBACIL, DIURON, SIMAZINE AND DICHLOBENIL ON VIGOR, YIELD, AND CATION NUTRITION OF YOUNG APPLE TREES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. HOGUE ◽  
G. H. NEILSEN
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Dimethyl Urea ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Leaf Nutrition ◽  
Coarse Soil ◽  
Young Apple

A field trial was conducted to determine the effects of repeated applications of residual herbicides on young apple trees on dwarfing rootstock planted in coarse soil and under full growing season irrigation. Bisbee Delicious/M.26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) planted in 1978 were subjected to various, but continuous soil management treatments from 1980 to 1985. These treatments included full ground cover, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] herbicide applied at 1.5 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 and recommended (X), twice recommended (2X) and four times recommended (4X) rates of terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil), diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea], simazine [2-chloro-4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile). Herbicide application at X was 1.5 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 for terbacil, 2.5 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 for diuron and simazine and 4.0 kg a.i. ha−1 yr−1 for dichlobenil. Applications of terbacil, diuron and simazine above X resulted in linear decreases in tree vigor and yield. Cumulative initial yield, 1982–85, was reduced at 4X by 46.8% for simazine and 60.8% for terbacil compared to their respective yields at X, while 4X diuron began causing tree mortality after the second application. High rates of dichlobenil did not significantly affect tree vigor or yield. Although simazine applications directly increased leaf Mg and Zn concentrations in 2 of 3 yr, the results had no practical significance, due to the toxicity of simazine. Other herbicides did not consistently influence tree cation nutrition.Key words: Apple, yield, vigor, herbicide toxicity, leaf nutrition

scholarly journals Association of spectroscopically determined leaf nutrition related traits and breeding selection in Sassafras tzumu

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Wenjian Liu ◽  
Zifeng Tan ◽  
Jingmin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Leaf Nutrition

Abstract Background Plant traits related to nutrition have an influential role in tree growth, tree production and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the breeding program should consider the genetics of the traits. However, the measurement methods could seriously affect the progress of breeding selection program. In this study, we tested the ability of spectroscopy to quantify the specific leaf nutrition traits including anthocyanins (ANTH), flavonoids (FLAV) and nitrogen balance index (NBI), and estimated the genetic variation of these leaf traits based on the spectroscopic predicted data. Fresh leaves of Sassafras tzumu were selected for spectral collection and ANTH, FLAV and NBI concentrations measurement by standard analytical methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), five spectra pre-processing methods, and four variable selection algorisms were conducted for the optimal model selection. Each trait model was simulated 200 times for error estimation. Results The standard normal variate (SNV) to the ANTH model and 1st derivatives to the FLAV and NBI models, combined with significant Multivariate Correlation (sMC) algorithm variable selection are finally regarded as the best performance models. The ANTH model produced the highest accuracy of prediction with a mean R2 of 0.72 and mean RMSE of 0.10%, followed by FLAV and NBI model (mean R2 of 0.58, mean RMSE of 0.11% and mean R2 of 0.44, mean RMSE of 0.04%). High heritability was found for ANTH, FLAV and NBI with h2 of 0.78, 0.58 and 0.61 respectively. It shows that it is beneficial and possible for breeding selection to the improvement of leaf nutrition traits. Conclusions Spectroscopy can successfully characterize the leaf nutrition traits in living tree leaves and the ability to simultaneous multiple plant traits provides a promising and high-throughput tool for the quick analysis of large size samples and serves for genetic breeding program.

scholarly journals Association of Spectroscopically Determined Leaf Nutrition Related Traits and Breeding Selection in Sassafras Tzumu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Li ◽  
Wenjian Liu ◽  
Zifeng Tan ◽  
Jingmin Jiang ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Leaf Nutrition

Abstract Background: The nutrition related to traits is an influential role in tree growth, tree production and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the influence of genetic parameters on leaf nutrition traits ought to take account of optimal tree breeding selection. However, the measurement methods are seriously affected by the progress of breeding selection program. In this study, we tested the ability of spectroscopy to quantify the specific leaf nutrition traits including Anthocyanins (ANTH), flavonoids (FLAV) and Nitrogen balance index (NBI), and estimated the genetic variation of these leaf traits based on the spectroscopic predicted data. Live fresh leaves of Sassafras tzumu were selected for spectral collection, after which concentrations of ANTH, FLAV and NBI were analyzed by standard analytical methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), five spectra pre-processing methods, and four variable selection algorisms were conducted for the optimal prediction model selection. Each trait model was simulated 200 times for error estimation.Results: The stander normal variation (SNV) to the ANTH model and 1st derivatives to the FLAV and NBI models, combined with significant Multivariate Correlation (sMC) algorithm variable selection are finally regarded as the best performance model. The ANTH model produced the highest accuracy of prediction with a mean R2 of 0.72 and mean RMSE of 0.10 %, followed by FLAV and NBI model (mean R2 =0.58, mean RMSE = 0.11 % and mean R2 =0.44, mean RMSE = 0.04 %). High heritability was found of ANTH FLAV and NBI with h2 of 0.78, 0.58 and 0.61 respectively. It shows that it is benefitting and possible of breeding selection for the improvement of leaf nutrition traits.Conclusions: Spectroscopy can successfully characterize the leaf nutrition traits in living tree leaves and the ability to simultaneous multiple plant traits provides a promising and high-throughput tool for the quick analysis of large size samples and serves for genetic breeding program.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Polyhalite sebagai Pengganti ZK dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kadar K, Mg, dan S Daun, Produksi, dan Mutu Buah Jeruk Siam

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Sutopo Sutopo ◽  
Titistyas Gusti Aji
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Macro Elements ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Leaf Nutrition

<p>As a natural mineral that contains several macro elements, polyhalite (K2Ca2Mg (SO4) 4H2O) has good potential as a fertilizer. This study aims to study the effect of polyhalite on branch growth, leaf nutrition (K, Mg and S), chlorophyll index, harvest weight, fruit quality, and the effective dose of Siam citrus. A 4-year-old Siam citrus planted on vertisol soil was treated with 6 fertilizer treatments: 625; 1,000; 1,375; 1,750; 2.125 kg polyhalite and 625 kg ZK/hectare/year. The experiment using a randomized block design was repeated 3 times. The results showed that<br />the application of polyhalite at the same K2O dose as ZK increased leaf Mg content, chlorophyll index and total juicesolids significantly. Polyhalite application of 1,750 kg/hectare (2.8 kg/tree) is an effective dose for mature Siam citrus in vertisol with moderate K status and high Ca and Mg status.</p>

scholarly journals Leaf Nutrition and Soil Nutrients Are Affected by Irrigation Frequency and Method for NP-Fertigated `Gala' Apple

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
P. Parchomchuk ◽  
D. Neilsen ◽  
R. Berard ◽  
E.J. Hague
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf Nutrition ◽  
Similar Yield ◽  
Leaf N

`Gala' apple (Malus domestica Borkh) on M.26 rootstock was subjected, in the first five growing seasons, to NP-fertigation and a factorial combination of treatments involving method and frequency of irrigation. Two types of emitters (drip or microjet) were used to apply the same quantity of water at high (daily), intermediate (about weekly) and low (about bi-weekly) irrigation frequencies. Although initial tree vigor and yield were higher for drip-fertigated trees, by the end of the study microjet fertigation produced larger trees of similar yield. These microjet fertigated trees had higher leaf P, K and Cu but lower leaf N, Mg, and Mn than drip-fertigated trees. Soil pH and extractable Mg and K concentrations were higher and extractable-P concentrations lower directly beneath microjet-emitters as a result of the larger fertigated soil volume relative to drip-emitters. High frequency irrigation improved tree growth but had less effect on leaf nutrient concentrations or soil chemical changes than lower frequency irrigation. Leaf N concentration was most affected by irrigation frequency, tending to decrease with daily irrigation.

scholarly journals Association of spectroscopically determined leaf nutrition related traits and breeding selection in Sassafras tzumu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Wenjian Liu ◽  
Zifeng Tan ◽  
Jingmin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Living Tree ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Leaf Nutrition

Abstract Background: Plant traits related to nutrition have an influential role on tree growth, tree production and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the breeding program should consider the genetics of the traits. However, the measurement methods could seriously affect the progress of breeding selection program. In this study, we tested the ability of spectroscopy to quantify the specific leaf nutrition traits including Anthocyanins (ANTH), flavonoids (FLAV) and Nitrogen balance index (NBI), and estimated the genetic variation of these leaf traits based on the spectroscopic predicted data. Live fresh leaves of Sassafras tzumu were selected for spectral collection, after which concentrations of ANTH, FLAV and NBI were analyzed by standard analytical methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), five spectra pre-processing methods, and four variable selection algorisms were conducted for the optimal prediction model selection. Each trait model was simulated 200 times for error estimation. Results: The Standard Normal Variate (SNV) to the ANTH model and 1st derivatives to the FLAV and NBI models, combined with significant Multivariate Correlation (sMC) algorithm variable selection are finally regarded as the best performance model. The ANTH model produced the highest accuracy of prediction with a mean R2 of 0.72 and mean RMSE of 0.10 %, followed by FLAV and NBI model (mean R2 =0.58, mean RMSE = 0.11 % and mean R2 =0.44, mean RMSE = 0.04 %). High heritability was found of ANTH FLAV and NBI with h2 of 0.78, 0.58 and 0.61 respectively. It shows that it is benefitting and possible of breeding selection for the improvement of leaf nutrition traits. Conclusions: Spectroscopy can successfully characterize the leaf nutrition traits in living tree leaves and the ability to simultaneous multiple plant traits provides a promising and high-throughput tool for the quick analysis of large size samples and serves for genetic breeding program.

scholarly journals `Bing' Sweet Cherry Leaf Nutrition is Affected by Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Neilsen ◽  
Frank Kappel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Leaf Nutrition ◽  
Mn Concentrations ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Infertile Soil

Leaf nutrient concentration of `Bing' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) was affected by rootstock over 4 years in the Pacific Northwest. Trees on GM 79, GI 148/1, GI 195/1, and GI 196/4, which had higher yields than Mazzard, also had lower leaf K and, excepting GM 79, lower leaf Mg concentration. Use of GI 195/1 and 196/4 resulted in lower leaf N than use of Mazzard. These higher-yielding rootstocks will require greater attention to these macronutrients, especially on infertile soil sites. Micronutrient nutrition was little affected by rootstocks, which tended to have the low leaf Zn concentrations typical of irrigated Pacific Northwest orchards. GM 9 and GM 61/1 rootstocks were more dwarfing than Mazzard, with GM 9 leaves having lower K, but higher P, Mg, and Mn concentrations. GM 61/1 had lower leaf concentrations of most nutrients relative to Mazzard.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document