­­Central pattern generators coordinate successful fertilization and egg-laying behavior in the female locust,Locusta migratoria

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela B. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Pattern Generators

Behavior-Dependent Activities of a Central Pattern Generator in Freely Behaving Lymnaea stagnalis

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 3415-3427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene F. Jansen ◽  
Anton W. Pieneman ◽  
Andries ter Maat
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Central Pattern Generator ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Buccal Ganglion ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Pattern Generators

Jansen, Rene F., Anton W. Pieneman, and Andries ter Maat. Behavior-dependent activities of a central pattern generator in freely behaving Lymnaea stagnalis. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3415–3427, 1997. Cyclic or repeated movements are thought to be driven by networks of neurons (central pattern generators) that are dynamic in their connectivity. During two unrelated behaviors (feeding and egg laying), we investigated the behavioral output of the buccal pattern generator as well as the electrical activity of a pair of identified interneurons that have been shown to be involved in setting the level of activity of this pattern generator (PG). Analysis of the quantile plots of the parameters that describe the behavior (movements of the buccal mass) reveals that during egg laying, the behavioral output of the PG is different compared with that during feeding. Comparison of the average durations of the different parts of the buccal movements showed that during egg laying, the duration of one specific part of buccal movement is increased. Correlated with these changes in the behavioral output of the PG were changes in the firing rate of the cerebral giant neurons (CGC), a pair of interneurons that have been shown to modulate the activity of the PG by means of multiple synaptic contacts with neurons in the buccal ganglion. Interval- and autocorrelation histograms of the behavioral output and CGC spiking show that both the PG output and the spiking properties of the CGCs are different when comparing egg-laying animals with feeding animals. Analysis of the timing relations between the CGCs and the behavioral output of the PG showed that both during feeding and egg laying, the electrical activity of the CGCs is largely in phase with the PG output, although small changes occur. We discuss how these results lead to specific predictions about the kinds of changes that are likely to occur when the animal switches the PG from feeding to egg laying and how the hormones that cause egg laying are likely to be involved.

Effect of Central Pattern Generators Depended Different Walking Strategies on Gait Ability of Patients after Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hua WU ◽  
Zaihua RU ◽  
Congying XU ◽  
Xudong GU ◽  
Jianming FU
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Pattern Generators

Rhythmic Pattern Generation in Invertebrates

2018 ◽  
pp. 390-400
Author(s):  
Astrid A. Prinz
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Timing Circuit ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Pattern Generators

This chapter begins by defining central pattern generators (CPGs) and proceeds to focus on one of their core components, the timing circuit. After arguing why invertebrate CPGs are particularly useful for the study of neuronal circuit operation in general, the bulk of the chapter then describes basic mechanisms of CPG operation at the cellular, synaptic, and network levels, and how different CPGs combine these mechanisms in various ways. Finally, the chapter takes a semihistorical perspective to discuss whether or not the study of invertebrate CPGs has seen its prime and what it has contributed—and may continue to offer—to a wider understanding of neuronal circuits in general.

Models of central pattern generators for quadruped locomotion

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro-Luciano Buono ◽  
Martin Golubitsky
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Quadruped Locomotion ◽  
Pattern Generators

scholarly journals Effect of individual spiking activity on rhythm generation of central pattern generators

2004 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Latorre ◽  
Francisco de Borja Rodrı́guez ◽  
Pablo Varona
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Rhythm Generation ◽  
Pattern Generators ◽  
Spiking Activity

scholarly journals Learning to Move in Modular Robots using Central Pattern Generators and Online Optimization

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 423-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sproewitz ◽  
Rico Moeckel ◽  
Jérôme Maye ◽  
Auke Jan Ijspeert
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Online Optimization ◽  
Modular Robots ◽  
Pattern Generators

Central pattern generators based on Matsuoka oscillators for the locomotion of biped robots

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Lei Liu ◽  
Maki K. Habib ◽  
Keigo Watanabe ◽  
Kiyotaka Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Biped Robots ◽  
Pattern Generators

Sensory regulation of quadrupedal locomotion: a top-down or bottom-up control system?

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Thibaudier ◽  
Marie-France Hurteau
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Sensory Regulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pattern Generators

Propriospinal pathways are thought to be critical for quadrupedal coordination by coupling cervical and lumbar central pattern generators (CPGs). However, the mechanisms involved in relaying information between girdles remain largely unexplored. Using an in vitro spinal cord preparation in neonatal rats, Juvin and colleagues ( Juvin et al. 2012 ) have recently shown sensory inputs from the hindlimbs have greater influence on forelimb CPGs than forelimb sensory inputs on hindlimb CPGs, in other words, a bottom-up control system. However, results from decerebrate cats suggest a top-down control system. It may be that both bottom-up and top-down control systems exist and that the dominance of one over the other is task or context dependent. As such, the role of sensory inputs in controlling quadrupedal coordination before and after injury requires further investigation.

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