Identification and Biological Role of the EndosymbiontsWolbachiain Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Juan Chen ◽  
Fang Lu ◽  
Jia-An Cheng ◽  
Ming-Xing Jiang ◽  
Michael O. Way
Keyword(s):  
Biological Role ◽  
Rice Water Weevil ◽  
Rice Water

From Organizations of Processes to Organisms and Other Biological Individuals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris Arnellos
Keyword(s):  
Multicellular Organism ◽  
Collaborative Networks ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Organizational Framework

The emphasis on the collaborative dimension of life overlooks the importance of biological individuals (conceived of as integrated, self-maintaining organizations) in the build-up of more complex collaborative networks in the course of evolution. This chapter proposes a process-based organizational ontology for biology, according to which the essential features of unicellular organismicality are captured by a self-maintaining organization of processes integrated by means of a special type of collaboration (realized through regulatory processes entailing an indispensable interdependence) between its constitutive and its interactive aspects. This ontology is then used to describe different types of collaborations among cells and to suggest the type that yields a multicellular organism. The proposed organizational framework enables us to critically assess hypercollaborative views of life, especially issues related to the distinction between biological individuals and organisms and between life and non-life, without however underestimating the central biological role of collaboration.

scholarly journals Chromosome Unipolar Division and Low Expression of Tws May Cause Parthenogenesis of Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Fangyuan Yang ◽  
Zhuo Ma ◽  
Runzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus ◽  
Rice Water Weevil ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Low Expression

Rice water weevil (RWW) is divided into two types of population, triploid parthenogenesis and diploid bisexual reproduction. In this study, we explored the meiosis of triploid parthenogenesis RWW (Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District, Beijing, China) by marking the chromosomes and microtubules of parthenogenetic RWW oocytes via immunostaining. The immunostaining results show that there is a canonical meiotic spindle formed in the triploid parthenogenetic RWW oocytes, but chromosomes segregate at only one pole, which means that there is a chromosomal unipolar division during the oogenesis of the parthenogenetic RWW. Furthermore, we cloned the conserved sequences of parthenogenetic RWW REC8 and Tws, and designed primers based on the parthenogenetic RWW sequence to detect expression patterns by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). Q-PCR results indicate that the expression of REC8 and Tws in ovarian tissue of bisexual Drosophila melanogaster is 0.98 and 10,000.00 times parthenogenetic RWW, respectively (p < 0.01). The results show that Tws had low expression in parthenogenetic RWW ovarian tissue, and REC8 was expressed normally. Our study suggests that the chromosomal unipolar division and deletion of Tws may cause parthenogenesis in RWW.

scholarly journals Tocopherols and Tocotrienols—Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6222
Author(s):  
Kacper Szewczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Chojnacka ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers’ interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.

The intriguing biological role of vitamin E

1983 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Biological Role

scholarly journals Biological role of D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase. Effects of D-amino acids.

1993 ◽  
Vol 268 (36) ◽  
pp. 26941-26949
Author(s):  
A D'Aniello ◽  
G D'Onofrio ◽  
M Pischetola ◽  
G D'Aniello ◽  
A Vetere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase
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