scholarly journals Seasonal Adaptations to Day Length in Ecotypes ofDiorhabdaspp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Inform Selection of Agents Against Saltcedars (Tamarixspp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dalin ◽  
Daniel W. Bean ◽  
Tom L. Dudley ◽  
Vanessa A. Carney ◽  
Debra Eberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Adaptations ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Development of a marker panel for genotyping of domestic soybean cultivars for genes controlling the duration of vegetation and response to photoperiod

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-769
Author(s):  
R. N. Perfil’ev ◽  
A. B. Shcherban ◽  
E. A. Salina
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Soybean, Glycine max L., is one of the most important agricultural crops grown in a wide range of latitude. In this regard, in soybean breeding, it is necessary to pay attention to the set of genes that control the transition to the flowering stage, which will make it possible to adapt genotypes to local growing conditions as accurately as possible. The possibilities of soybean breeding for this trait have now significantly expanded due to identification of the main genes (E1–E4, GmFT2a, GmFT5a) that control the processes of flowering and maturation in soybean, depending on the day length. The aim of this work was to develop a panel of markers for these genes, which could be used for a rapid and efficient genotyping of domestic soybean cultivars and selection of plant material based on sensitivity to photoperiod and the duration of vegetation. Combinations of 10 primers, both previously developed and our own, were tested to identify different alleles of the E1–E4, GmFT2a, and GmFT5a genes using 10 soybean cultivars from different maturity groups. As a result, 5 combinations of dominant and recessive alleles for the E1–E4 genes were identified: (1) e1-nl(e1-as)/ e2-ns/e3-tr(e3-fs)/e4; (2) e1-as/e2-ns/e3-tr/E4; (3) e1-as/e2-ns/E3-Ha/e4; (4) E1/e2-ns/e3-tr/E4; (5) e1-nl/e2-ns/E3-Ha/E4. The studied cultivars contained the most common alleles of the GmFT2a and GmFT5a genes, with the exception of the ‘Cassidi’ cultivar having a rare dominant allele GmFT5a-H4. The degree of earliness of cultivars positively correlated with the number of recessive genes E1–E4, which is consistent with the data of foreign authors on different sets of cultivars from Japan and North China. Thus, the developed panel of markers can

scholarly journals Contingent trade-off decisions with feedbacks in cyclical environments: testing alternative theories

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F Railsback ◽  
Bret C Harvey ◽  
Daniel Ayllón
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Multiple Behaviors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Base Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Many animals make contingent decisions, such as when and where to feed, as trade-offs between growth and risk when these vary not only with activity and location but also 1) in cycles such as the daily light cycle and 2) with feedbacks due to competition. Theory can assume an individual decides whether and where to feed, at any point in the light cycle and under any new conditions, by predicting future conditions and maximizing an approximate measure of future fitness. We develop four such theories for stream trout and evaluate them by their ability to reproduce, in an individual-based model, seven patterns observed in real trout. The patterns concern how feeding in four circadian phases—dawn, day, dusk, and night—varies with predation risk, food availability, temperature, trout density, physical habitat, day length, and circadian cycles in food availability. We found that theory must consider the full circadian cycle: decisions at one phase must consider what happens in other phases. Three theories that do so could reproduce almost all the patterns, and their ability to let individuals adapt decisions over time produced higher average fitness than any fixed behavior cycle. Because individuals could adapt by selecting among habitat patches as well as activity, multiple behaviors produced similar fitness. Our most successful theories base selection of habitat and activity at each phase on memory of survival probabilities and growth rates experienced 1) in the three previous phases of the current day or 2) in each phase of several previous days.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Measurements of the Cape Astrometric Survey of the Southern Hemisphere

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
W. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Automatic Measuring ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Final Selection ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryA routine has been developed for the processing of the 5820 plates of the survey. The plates are measured on the automatic measuring machine, GALAXY, and the measures are subsequently processed by computer, to edit and then refer them to the SAO catalogue. A start has been made on measuring the plates, but the final selection of stars to be made is still a matter for discussion.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

The DQE of an electron image recording system

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
D. Krahl ◽  
H.-P Rust
Keyword(s):  
Primary Electron ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
High Detection ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Video Amplifier ◽  
Detection Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

The high detection quantum efficiency (DQE) is the main requirement for an imagerecording system used in electron microscopy of radiation-sensitive specimens. An electronic TV system of the type shown in Fig. 1 fulfills these conditions and can be used for either analog or digital image storage and processing [1], Several sources of noise may reduce the DQE, and therefore a careful selection of various elements is imperative.The noise of target and of video amplifier can be neglected when the converter stages produce sufficient target electrons per incident primary electron. The required gain depends on the type of the tube and also on the type of the signal processing chosen. For EBS tubes, for example, it exceeds 10. The ideal case, in which all impinging electrons create uniform charge peaks at the target, is not obtainable for several reasons, and these will be discussed as they relate to a system with a scintillator, fiber-optic and photo-cathode combination as the first stage.

Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metal Machinability

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 442-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
A.B. Draper
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
State Physics ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Rotary Table ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Selection Of

The industrial characterization of the machinability of metals and alloys has always been a very arbitrarily defined property, subject to the selection of various reference or test materials; and the adoption of rather naive and misleading interpretations and standards. However, it seems reasonable to assume that with the present state of knowledge of materials properties, and the current theories of solid state physics, more basic guidelines for machinability characterization might be established on the basis of the residual machined microstructures. This approach was originally pursued by Draper; and our presentation here will simply reflect an exposition and extension of this research.The technique consists initially in the production of machined chips of a desired test material on a horizontal milling machine with the workpiece (specimen) mounted on a rotary table vice. A single cut of a specified depth is taken from the workpiece (0.25 in. wide) each at a new tool location.

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