Host Plant Probing Analysis Reveals Quick Settlement of the Solenopsis Mealybug During Host Shift

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Shift

scholarly journals Differences in oviposition behaviour of two sympatric sibling species of the genus Ostrinia

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Malausa ◽  
B. Pélissié ◽  
V. Piveteau ◽  
C. Pélissier ◽  
D. Bourguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Corn Borer

AbstractChanges in host preferences are thought to be a major source of genetic divergence between phytophagous insect taxa. In western Europe, two sympatric taxa, O. nubilalis (the European corn borer) and O. scapulalis, feed mainly on maize and hop or mugwort, respectively. These two species may have diverged without geographic isolation after a host shift of ancestral populations onto maize or another cultivated species (e.g. sorghum). A previous study using inbred laboratory strains revealed that the two species differ in their oviposition choices in maize-mugwort tests. We sampled four natural populations in France (two of each taxon) and tested their oviposition behaviour toward four of their main host plant species: maize, sorghum, mugwort and hop. O. nubilalis females showed a very high preference for laying their eggmasses on maize, whereas O. scapulalis females displayed a more balanced range of preferences. O. nubilalis females were attracted slightly to sorghum, suggesting that this plant is an accidental, rather than a regular and ancestral host plant of O. nubilalis. One important result arising from this study is the significant proportion of eggs laid by both Ostrinia species on hop. This may explain why some stands of hop are sometimes not only infested by O. scapulalis but also by O. nubilalis larvae, a situation preventing assortative mating based on microallopatry. Hence, further studies must be conducted to see whether the host preference in the genus Ostrinia might be linked to assortative mating by a mechanism that is not mediated by the host plant.

scholarly journals Divergence before the host shift? Prezygotic reproductive isolation among three varieties of a specialist fly on a single host plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAINE C. HIPPEE ◽  
MAREN E. ELNES ◽  
JAROD S. ARMENTA ◽  
MARTY A. CONDON ◽  
ANDREW A. FORBES
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Single Host

scholarly journals Host shifts and evolutionary radiations of butterflies

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1701) ◽  
pp. 3735-3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Fordyce
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Diversification Rate ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Significant Acceleration ◽  
History Of

Ehrlich and Raven proposed a model of coevolution where major host plant shifts of butterflies facilitate a burst of diversification driven by their arrival to a new adaptive zone. One prediction of this model is that reconstructions of historical diversification of butterflies should indicate an increase in diversification rate following major host shifts. Using reconstructed histories of 15 butterfly groups, I tested this prediction and found general agreement with Ehrlich and Raven's model. Butterfly lineages with an inferred major historical host shift showed evidence of diversification rate variation, with a significant acceleration following the host shift. Lineages without an inferred major host shift generally agreed with a constant-rate model of diversification. These results are consistent with the view that host plant associations have played a profound role in the evolutionary history of butterflies, and show that major shifts to chemically distinct plant groups leave a historical footprint that remains detectable today.

scholarly journals Na + /K + -ATPase resistance and cardenolide sequestration: basal adaptations to host plant toxins in the milkweed bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1805) ◽  
pp. 20142346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Bramer ◽  
Susanne Dobler ◽  
Jürgen Deckert ◽  
Michael Stemmer ◽  
Georg Petschenka
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Plant Toxins ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Evolutionary Success

Despite sequestration of toxins being a common coevolutionary response to plant defence in phytophagous insects, the macroevolution of the traits involved is largely unaddressed. Using a phylogenetic approach comprising species from four continents, we analysed the ability to sequester toxic cardenolides in the hemipteran subfamily Lygaeinae, which is widely associated with cardenolide-producing Apocynaceae. In addition, we analysed cardenolide resistance of their Na + /K + -ATPases, the molecular target of cardenolides. Our data indicate that cardenolide sequestration and cardenolide-resistant Na + /K + -ATPase are basal adaptations in the Lygaeinae. In two species that shifted to non-apocynaceous hosts, the ability to sequester was secondarily reduced, yet Na + /K + -ATPase resistance was maintained. We suggest that both traits evolved together and represent major coevolutionary adaptations responsible for the evolutionary success of lygaeine bugs. Moreover, specialization on cardenolides was not an evolutionary dead end, but enabled this insect lineage to host shift to cardenolide-producing plants from distantly related families.

scholarly journals Population differences in olfaction accompany host shift in Drosophila mojavensis

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1837) ◽  
pp. 20161562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Crowley-Gall ◽  
Priya Date ◽  
Clair Han ◽  
Nicole Rhodes ◽  
Peter Andolfatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neuron ◽  
Drosophila Mojavensis ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
And Function

Evolutionary shifts in plant–herbivore interactions provide a model for understanding the link among the evolution of behaviour, ecological specialization and incipient speciation. Drosophila mojavensis uses different host cacti across its range, and volatile chemicals emitted by the host are the primary cue for host plant identification. In this study, we show that changes in host plant use between distinct D. mojavensis populations are accompanied by changes in the olfactory system. Specifically, we observe differences in olfactory receptor neuron specificity and sensitivity, as well as changes in sensillar subtype abundance, between populations. Additionally, RNA-seq analyses reveal differential gene expression between populations for members of the odorant receptor gene family. Hence, alterations in host preference are associated with changes in development, regulation and function at the olfactory periphery.

Infestation of a novel host plant by Tephritis conura (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Britain: host-range expansion or host shift?

Genetica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Diegisser ◽  
Christian Tritsch ◽  
Alfred Seitz ◽  
Jes Johannesen
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Host Range Expansion ◽  
Novel Host

scholarly journals Adaptation to different host plant ages facilitates insect divergence without a host shift

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1815) ◽  
pp. 20151649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Kari A. Segraves ◽  
Huai-Jun Xue ◽  
Rui-E Nie ◽  
Wen-Zhu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Adult Trees

Host shifts and subsequent adaption to novel host plants are important drivers of speciation among phytophagous insects. However, there is considerably less evidence for host plant-mediated speciation in the absence of a host shift. Here, we investigated divergence of two sympatric sister elm leaf beetles, Pyrrhalta maculicollis and P. aenescens , which feed on different age classes of the elm Ulmus pumila L. (seedling versus adult trees) . Using a field survey coupled with preference and performance trials, we show that these beetle species are highly divergent in both feeding and oviposition preference and specialize on either seedling or adult stages of their host plant. An experiment using artificial leaf discs painted with leaf surface wax extracts showed that host plant chemistry is a critical element that shapes preference. Specialization appears to be driven by adaptive divergence as there was also evidence of divergent selection; beetles had significantly higher survival and fecundity when reared on their natal host plant age class. Together, the results identify the first probable example of divergence induced by host plant age, thus extending how phytophagous insects might diversify in the absence of host shifts.

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