Wing Shape and Size of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is Related to Sex and Resistance to Soybean-Maize Crop Rotation

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Mikac ◽  
J. Douglas ◽  
J. L. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Shape And Size

Soybean Foliage Consumption Reduces Adult Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Survival and Stimulates Flight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L Spencer ◽  
Timothy R Mabry ◽  
Eli Levine ◽  
Scott A Isard
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Egg Maturation ◽  
Behavioral Resistance ◽  
Collection Sites

Abstract Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, biology is tied to the continuous availability of its host (corn, Zea mays L.). Annual rotation of corn with a nonhost, like soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was a reliable tactic to manage western corn rootworm. Behavioral resistance to annual crop rotation (rotation resistance) allowed some eastern U.S. Corn Belt populations to circumvent rotation by laying eggs in soybean and in cornfields. When active in soybean, rotation-resistant adults commonly consume foliage, in spite of detrimental effects on beetle survival. Rotation-resistant beetle activity in soybean is enabled by the expression of certain proteinases and an adapted gut microbiota that provide limited protection from soybean antiherbivore defenses. We investigated the effects of corn and soybean herbivory on rotation-resistant female survival and initiation of flight using mortality assays and wind tunnel flight tests. Among field-collected females tested with mortality assays, beetles from collection sites in a cornfield survived longer than those from collection sites in a soybean field. However, reduced survival due to soybean herbivory could be restored by consuming corn tissues. Field-collected beetles that fed on a soybean tissue laboratory diet or only water were more likely to fly in a wind tunnel than corn-feeding beetles. Regardless of collection site and laboratory diet, 90.5% of beetles that flew oriented their flights upwind. Diet-related changes in the probability of flight provide a proximate mechanism for interfield movement that facilitates restorative feeding and the survival of females previously engaged in soybean herbivory. Rotation-resistant western corn rootworm females feeding on soybean tissues experience reduced survival in mortality assays and display increased flight probability (which may facilitate flight back to a cornfield where consumption of host tissues improves survival potential and facilitates maturation of eggs). The consequences of soybean herbivory provide a proximal mechanism for behavioral resistance to crop rotation. Increased egg-laying probability while feeding on soybean tissues, facilitation of egg maturation while feeding on corn tissues, and interfield movement are previously documented consequences.

Incidence of Western Corn Rootworm Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Corn in Virginia from 1987 to 1992

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger R. Youngman ◽  
Eric R. Day
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
The State ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Corn Field ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

The discovery of western corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in a southwest Virginia corn field in 1985 prompted annual surveys of corn fields in an average of 28 counties across the state from 1987 to 1992. All counties included in the annual surveys were representative of the major corn-growing regions of Virginia. Survey results indicated that western corn rootworm beetles spread rapidly throughout most of the western and central continuous corn-growing regions of the state. In the eastern and southeastern corn-growing regions of the state, where crop rotation is widely practiced, detections of western corn rootworm beetles were less common and typically involved only one to two counties per year from 1987 to 1992.

scholarly journals Gut bacteria facilitate adaptation to crop rotation in the western corn rootworm

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (29) ◽  
pp. 11917-11922 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-C. Chu ◽  
J. L. Spencer ◽  
M. J. Curzi ◽  
J. A. Zavala ◽  
M. J. Seufferheld
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Corn Rootworm

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Western Corn Rootworm to Crop Rotation: Evolution of a New Strain in Response to a Management Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Levine ◽  
Joseph L. Spencer ◽  
Scott A. Isard ◽  
David W. Onstad ◽  
Michael E. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm

Larval feeding of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaleconte) on roots of several weeds and its effect on crop rotation

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Takács ◽  
Péter Balogh ◽  
Miklós Nádasy ◽  
Lea Milevoj ◽  
Lénárd Márton
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera

scholarly journals Management of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sivcev ◽  
Petar Kljajic ◽  
Miroslav Kostic ◽  
Lazar Sivcev ◽  
Sladjan Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Soil Insecticides ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

Western corn rootworm (WCR) was registered for the first time in Europe near the Surcin international airport in Serbia in 1992. The spread of WCR on the territory of Serbia and its population density increased fast. The Serbian territory was entirely populated in the following few years, while major damages occurred on corn grown for two or more years in the same field. Data on damages caused to over 140,000 ha under corn until 1999 were collected by organized monitoring. After 2000 and 2003, population abundance of D.v. virgifera, as well as the number of damaged corn fields, significantly decreased due to drought and application of crop rotation. Corn rootworm has one generation per year. It overwinters in the egg stage. Under the climatic conditions of Serbia larvae hatching starts around May 15th. The highest number of larvae on root is observed around June 20th when feeding is most intensive and plants become lodged as they lose roots. First adults emerge by the end of June. Their abundance increases during July and reaches maximum by the end of the month. From the second decade of August the abundance decreases. Adults are present in the field until the first frosts. Larvae are much more harmful and significant than adults. Larvae feed on roots or into roots by boring. Roots can be entirely destroyed under heavy attack and the host plants lodged already at the end of June. Under our climatic and agrotechnical conditions, adults are sporadic pests. Adults are a threat only when sowing is done after the optimal sowing date or in case of stubble corn sowing. Crop rotation is an efficient and most widespread means of WCR control. No damage on corn grown in crop rotation has been registered in Serbia for now. In the first year of production corn does not require protection from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte larvae. Several insecticides have performed high efficacy by application at sowing and have been registered for commercial use. On the other hand, soil insecticides have never been applied on a significant area in Serbia.

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