scholarly journals Systemic Insecticide and Gibberellin Reduced Cone Damage and Increased Flowering in a Spruce Seed Orchard

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Rosenberg ◽  
C. Almqvist ◽  
J. Weslien
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Cone Damage

scholarly journals Systemic Insecticide Injections for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards—2 Year Results

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Grosman ◽  
William W. Upton ◽  
Frank A. McCook ◽  
Ronald F. Billings
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract Three systemic insecticide treatments, emamectin benzoate alone, imidacloprid alone, and a combination of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam, were injected one or two times into loblolly pine,Pinus taeda L., during a 2 yr period in a seed orchard in east Texas. Single injections of treatments containing emamectin benzoate reduced coneworm (Dioryctria spp.) damage by 94–97% during the study period. A second injection after 1 yr did not improve protection. Imidacloprid also significantly reduced coneworm damage in 1999, but not in 2000. Significant reductions in damage from pine seed bugs (Tetyra bipunctata Say andLeptoglossus corculus Herrich-Schaffer) and an increase in the number of full seeds per cone resulted from imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatments and to a lesser extent from emamectin benzoate. Yearly injections of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam were required to maintain protection against seed bugs. The best overall treatment, two injections of emamectin benzoate plus thiamethoxam, reduced cone and seed losses from insects by 86%. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):146–152.

scholarly journals Predicting Damage to Hop Cones by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L Woods ◽  
Anne E Iskra ◽  
David H Gent
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Predatory Arthropods ◽  
Cone Damage

Abstract Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is a cosmopolitan pest of numerous plants, including hop (Humulus lupulus L.). The most costly damage from the pest on hop results from infestation of cones, which are the harvested product, which can render crops unsalable if cones become discolored. We analyzed 14 yr of historical data from 312 individual experimental plots in western Oregon to identify risk factors associated with visual damage to hop cones from T. urticae. Logistic regression models were fit to estimate the probability of cone damage. The most predictive model was based on T. urticae-days during mid-July to harvest, which correctly predicted occurrence and nonoccurrence of cone damage in 91 and 93% of data sets, respectively, based on Youden’s index. A second model based on the ratio of T. urticae to predatory arthropods late in the season correctly predicted cone damage in 92% of data sets and nonoccurrence of damage in 77% of data sets. The model based on T. urticae abundance performed similarly when validated in 23 commercial hop yards, whereas the model based on the predator:prey ratio was relatively conservative and yielded false-positive predictions in 11 of the 23 yards. Antecedents of these risk factors were explored and quantified by structural equation modeling. A simple path diagram was constructed that conceptualizes T. urticae invasion of hop cones as dependent on prior density of the pest on leaves in early spring and summer, which in turn influences the development of predatory arthropods that mediate late-season density of the pest. In summary, the biological insights and models developed here provide guidance to pest managers on the likelihood of visual cone damage from T. urticae that can inform late-season management based on both abundance of the pest and its important predators. This is critically important because a formal economic threshold for T. urticae on hop does not exist and current management efforts may be mistimed to influence the pest when crop damage is most probable. More broadly, this research suggests that current management practices that target T. urticae early in the season may in fact predispose yards to later outbreaks of the pest.

Mating patterns in an indoor miniature Cryptomeria japonica seed orchard as revealed by microsatellite markers

New Forests ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Moriguchi ◽  
Yoko Yamazaki ◽  
Hideaki Taira ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Mating Patterns

scholarly journals Design and release profile of timed-release coated granules of systemic insecticide

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narutoshi Kimoto ◽  
Atsushi Takahashi ◽  
Kazuyuki Inubushi
Keyword(s):  
Release Profile ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Coated Granules

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus kesiya in Malawi

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Gift Kamanga-Thole ◽  
Vidah Manda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Individual Tree Model ◽  
The Individual

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

Paternity analysis with microsatellites in a Danish Abies nordmanniana clonal seed orchard reveals dysfunctions

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
O K Hansen ◽  
E D Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
The Status

A paternity analysis using five microsatellite markers was conducted in a Danish clonal seed orchard with 13 Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach clones. The purpose was to investigate potential seed-orchard dysfunctions, with special emphasis on nonequal pollen contributions and selfing. Male paternity was found for 232 seedlings germinated from seeds collected on three ramets, each of eight clones, and the relative contribution of each clone to the gene pool of male gametes was calculated. Furthermore, 49 ramets were genotyped to check for erroneous grafting. The effect of an unbalanced male contribution was quantified by means of two measures: (1) the status number (NS), which reflects buildup of coancestry in the seed-orchard crop as a result of a low number of clones and an unequal male contribution, and (2) the asymptotic variance effective population number (Ne(v)). The contributions by pollen donors from the 13 clones were highly skewed. Three clones were fathers to more than 75% of the progenies, while making up only 24% of the ramets in the seed orchard. Four clones sired no progenies at all. The unequal contribution on the male side corresponded to NS = 4.2 and Ne(v) = 5.8. Some selfing was observed, which may give rise to concern if clonal seed orchards with few clones are established. The estimated maximum pollen contamination from outside the seed orchard was 4.3%. No grafting–labelling errors were identified.

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Advanced genebank management of genetic resources of European wild apple, Malus sylvestris, using genome-wide SNP array data

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joukje Buiteveld ◽  
Herma JJ Koehorst-van Putten ◽  
Linda Kodde ◽  
Ivo Laros ◽  
Giorgio Tumino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Genebank Management ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Genebank Collection ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

AbstractThe Netherlands’ field genebank collection of European wild apple (Malus sylvestris), consisting of 115 accessions, was studied in order to determine whether duplicates and mistakes had been introduced, and to develop a strategy to optimize the planting design of the collection as a seed orchard. We used the apple 20K Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, developed in M. domestica, for the first time for genotyping in M. sylvestris. We could readily detect the clonal copies and unexpected duplicates. Thirty-two M. sylvestris accessions (29%) showed a close genetic relationship (parent-child, full-sib, or half-sib) to another accession, which reflects the small effective population size of the in situ populations. Traces of introgression from M. domestica were only found in 7 individuals. This indicates that pollination preferentially took place among the M. sylvestris trees. We conclude that the collection can be considered as mainly pure M. sylvestris accessions. The results imply that it should be managed as one unit when used for seed production. A bias in allele frequencies in the seeds may be prevented by not harvesting all accessions with a close genetic relationship to the others in the seed orchard. We discuss the value of using the SNP array to elaborate the M. sylvestris genetic resources more in depth, including for phasing the markers in a subset of the accessions, as a first step towards genetic resources management at the level of haplotypes.

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