Assessment of the Contact Toxicity of Methyl Palmitate on Tetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1372-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. Wang ◽  
H. X. Wang ◽  
Y. S. Jin ◽  
C. Y. Bu ◽  
J. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Palmitate ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Tetranychus Viennensis

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

scholarly journals Whole-Body Acute Contact Toxicity of Formulated Insecticide Mixtures to Blue Orchard Bees (Osmia lignaria)

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Joseph Belsky ◽  
David J. Biddinger ◽  
Neelendra K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Osmia Lignaria ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Insecticide Mixtures ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Binary Combination

Blue orchard bees, [Osmia lignaria (Say) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)], have been developed as an important pollinator for orchard crops in North America over the last 40 years. The toxicity of several pesticides to O. lignaria and other Osmia species has been previously reported. However, the field-realistic toxicity of formulated premix insecticides comprised of multiple active ingredients (each with a different mode of action) to O. lignaria has not been assessed. Here, we use a customized spray tower in a laboratory setting to assess adult male and female whole-body direct contact exposure to four formulated pesticide mixtures: thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (TLC), imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (IBC), chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin (CLC) and methoxyfenozide + spinetoram (MS) by directly spraying anesthetized bees in Petri dishes. Separately, adult male and female whole-body direct contact exposure to formulated imidacloprid (I), beta-cyfluthrin (BC) and their 1:1 binary combination (IBC) was assessed using the same experimental method. Resulting mortality in each study was screened up to 96 h post-treatment to determine acute whole-body contact toxicity. In the first study, TLC and IBC resulted in statistically higher mortality at 24 and 48 h than the two other insecticide combinations tested. The CLC and MS combinations were slower acting and the highest mortality for O. lignaria exposed to these mixtures was recorded at 96 h. We did observe significant differences in toxicity between CLC and MS. In the second study, exposure to the 1:1 binary combination of IBC caused overall significantly higher mortality than exposure to I or BC alone. Both active ingredients alone, however, demonstrated equivalent levels of mortality to the 1:1 binary combination treatment at the 96 h observation reading, indicating increased speed of kill, but not necessarily increased toxicity. Significant differences in the onset of mortality following acute contact whole-body exposure to the formulated insecticide mixtures and individual active ingredients tested were consistently observed across all experiments in both studies.

scholarly journals Methyl Benzoate Is Superior to Other Natural Fumigants for Controlling the Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Md Munir Mostafiz ◽  
Errol Hassan ◽  
Rajendra Acharya ◽  
Jae-Kyoung Shim ◽  
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Indian Meal Moth ◽  
Indian Meal ◽  
Food Commodities

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an insect pest that commonly affects stored and postharvest agricultural products. For the control of insect pests and mites, methyl benzoate (MBe) is lethal as a fumigant and also causes contact toxicity; although it has already been established as a food-safe natural product, the fumigation toxicity of MBe has yet to be demonstrated in P. interpunctella. Herein, we evaluated MBe as a potential fumigant for controlling adults of P. interpunctella in two bioassays. Compared to the monoterpenes examined under laboratory conditions, MBe demonstrated high fumigant activity using a 1-L glass bottle at 1 μL/L air within 4 h of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MBe was 0.1 μL/L air; the median lethal time (LT50) of MBe at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 μL/L air was 3.8, 3.3, 2.8, and 2.0 h, respectively. Compared with commercially available monoterpene compounds used in pest control, MBe showed the highest fumigant toxicity (toxicity order as follows): MBe > citronellal > linalool > 1,8 cineole > limonene. Moreover, in a larger space assay, MBe caused 100% mortality of P. interpunctella at 0.01 μL/cm3 of air after 24 h of exposure. Therefore, MBe can be recommended for use in food security programs as an ecofriendly alternative fumigant. Specifically, it provides another management tool for curtailing the loss of stored food commodities due to P. interpunctella infestation.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
William R. Patiño-Bayona ◽  
Leidy J. Nagles Galeano ◽  
Jenifer J. Bustos Cortes ◽  
Wilman A. Delgado Ávila ◽  
Eddy Herrera Daza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Chemical control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) has been ineffective and presents serious collateral damage. Among plant-derived insecticides, essential oils (EOs) are suitable candidates to control this stored products pest. In this work, the insecticidal activities of 45 natural EOs against S. zeamais adults were screened, and the most promising ones (24 EOs) were characterized by GC–MS. The repellent and toxic effects (contact and fumigant) of these 24 EOs were determined, and by a cluster analysis they were classified into two groups considering its fumigant activity and contact toxicity. For the EOs with the highest fumigant potential (14 oils) and their main active constituents (17 compounds), lethal concentrations were determined. The most active EOs were those obtained from L. stoechas and L. alba, with LC50 values of 303.4 and 254.1 µL/L air and characterized by a high content of monoterpenes. Regarding the major compounds, the oxygenated monoterpenes R-(+)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.580 mg/L air), S-(-)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.971 mg/L air) and R-(-)-carvone (LC50 = 1.423 mg/L air) were the most active, as few variations in their concentrations significantly increased insect mortality.

scholarly journals 'Methyl palmitate attenuates adjuvant induced arthritis in rats by decrease of CD68 synovial macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 111347
Author(s):  
Gehad A. Abdel Jaleel ◽  
Samar S. Azab ◽  
Wesam M. el-Bakly ◽  
Azza Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Palmitate ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis
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