scholarly journals Contrasting Geographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation in Body Size and Development Time With Reproductive Isolation in Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan R. Bracewell ◽  
Michael E. Pfrender ◽  
Karen E. Mock ◽  
Barbara J. Bentz
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Geographic Patterns

Ecotypic mode of regional differentiation caused by restricted gene migration: a case in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) along the Pacific Northwest coast

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Yi Xie ◽  
Cheng C. Ying ◽  
Alvin D. Yanchuk ◽  
Diane L. Holowachuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Gene Migration ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Leaf Flushing

Genetic differentiation of black cottonwood ( Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook) Brayshaw) across a “no-cottonwood” belt on the coast of central British Columbia (BC), Canada, was examined using data on 3 year height, severity of infection by Valsa sordida Nitschke and Melampsora occidentalis H. Jacks., and abnormality of leaf flushing. The data were collected in a common-garden test consisting of 180 provenances of 36 drainages ranging from northern BC to Oregon, USA. The results demonstrated an ecotypic mode, north–south regional differentiation. Valsa sordida and M. occidentalis infected 41% and 89%, respectively, of the trees from the northern region, while 66% showed flushing abnormality. In contrast, only 1% and 27% of their southern counterparts were infected by the same diseases, and 1% had abnormal flushing. Trees from the northern region averaged 87% shorter than those from the south. Regional differentiation accounted for the highest amount of variation observed in all traits, with 60% in 3 year height, 34% in V. sordida, 76% in M. occidentalis, and 50% in abnormal leaf flushing. Regression analysis revealed geographic patterns that essentially reflected regional differentiation along the no-cottonwood belt. The species’ distribution biography, ecological characteristics, and life history suggest that restricted gene migration was the main factor responsible for the observed geographic patterns of genetic differentiation.

scholarly journals Geographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation among Killer Whales in the Northern North Pacific

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Parsons ◽  
John W. Durban ◽  
Alexander M. Burdin ◽  
Vladimir N. Burkanov ◽  
Robert L. Pitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Geographic Patterns

scholarly journals SEASONALLY VARYING DIET QUALITY AND THE QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF DEVELOPMENT TIME AND BODY SIZE IN BIRCH FEEDING INSECTS

Evolution ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Kause ◽  
Irma Saloniemi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Morin ◽  
Erkki Haukioja ◽  
Sinikka Hanhimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Development Time

The effects of pollen availability on development time in the bumble bee Bombus terricola K. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Sutcliffe ◽  
R. C. Plowright
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Larval Nutrition ◽  
Adult Body Size ◽  
Adult Body

Captive colonies of Bombus terricola Kirby received pollen for 8, 14, or 24 h/day. The effects of the treatment demonstrated experimentally the influence of larval nutrition on development time. The duration of the cocoon stage was positively related to both adult body size and pollen availability. The duration of the larval stage varied in a more complex way: within each treatment, duration of the larval stage was positively related to adult body size, but between the treatments, and for each of the three castes, pollen deprivation tended to lengthen the larval stage. These results reconcile divergent findings in the literature.

scholarly journals The lack of evidence for co-adaptation in crosses between geographical races of Drosophila subobscura Coll.

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McFarquhar ◽  
Forbes W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Synthetic Media

1. The paper described an attempt to see whether differences in co-adaptation between populations of Drosophila subobscura are related to the distance between them. The mean and the variance of body-size, development time and survival were recorded on parent populations and the F1 and F2 of various crosses to test for heterosis in the F1 and decline in performance or greater variance in the F2, which might indicate the break-up of co-adapted gene arrays. Comparisons were carried out at different temperatures and on a variety of larval diets, especially sub-optimal ones in which the larvae were grown on synthetic media. A large number of wild flies were caught at sites separated by about 10 miles along a transect of southern Scotland; these comprised one series of comparisons. For more distant crosses flies were caught at sites in southern England, Denmark, Switzerland and Israel.2. There were well-defined differences in body-size, and, to a lesser degree, development time between populations from more widely separated localities and these showed evidence of a cline, northern populations having larger body-size. The difference in size between the Scottish and Isreal populations is about 20%.3. There was no evidence of differences in co-adaptation between populations even in crosses between populations from sites as far apart as Scotland and Israel. The F1's were always close to the mid-parent values and there was no evidence of breakdown in the F2 nor of increased variability.4. There was hardly any evidence of gene-environment interaction either with respect to different diets or to different temperatures.5. Records of body-size on flies caught in the wild showed that they are extremely variable, indicating great variation in larval nutrition. Under natural condition stability of growth in body-size is conspicuously lacking in this species.6. An additional test of co-adaptation was based on the between-family variance of abdominal bristle number of intra- and inter-population matings in the two most widely separated populations. There was no evidence of greater variance in the inter-population series.7. To test for possible differences in breeding structure, the response to inbreeding was determined for two widely separated populations of D. subobscura and a long-established cage population of D. melanogaster, on an unrestricted larval diet and also on several different kinds of sub-optimal diets. There was little or no sign of consistent differences between the species in their response to inbreeding.8. This test revealed differences between the two species in their minimum requirements for particular nutrients. subobscura is less able than melanogaster to withstand lower levels of protein and survival is particularly reduced. On the other hand, melanogaster has a considerably higher requirement for choline. Where there are apparent differences between the species in the average effect of inbreeding, the inbreeding effect is greater on the relatively more sub-optimal diet.9. Comparison of the performance of the immediate descendants of wild flies with those derived from the same site, but kept in the laboratory for some twenty generations, failed to show any differences on several different diets and so there was no evidence that adaptation to laboratory conditions was important.10. The lack of evidence for co-adaptation apparently conflicts with what has been claimed for other species. Such differences are discussed.

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