scholarly journals Early Leaf Abscission Has Little Effect on Larval Mortality of Ectoedemia cerviparadisicola (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) Associated With Quercus gilva

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Shinozaki ◽  
Ayaka Yamamoto ◽  
Masako Oishi ◽  
Hiroaki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Early Leaf Abscission

Early Leaf Abscission: A Neglected Source of Mortality for Folivores

1981 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley H. Faeth ◽  
Edward F. Connor ◽  
Daniel Simberloff
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Early Leaf Abscission

Early Leaf Abscission and Folivores: Comments and Considerations

1983 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond M. Kahn ◽  
Howard V. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Early Leaf Abscission

Leafminers, Early Leaf Abscission, and Parasitoids: A Tritrophic Interaction

Ecology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Kahn ◽  
H. V. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Tritrophic Interaction ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Early Leaf Abscission

scholarly journals One-Sided Shift Trellising Addresses Harvest, Pest Management and Cultural Problems in Rubus

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 852a-852
Author(s):  
Herbert D. Stiles
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Harvest Efficiency ◽  
Early Leaf Abscission

Static-V trellis increases raspberry yield, but fruiting shoots grow toward its center making harvest difficult. Shading causes early leaf abscission and it favors fungus diseases inside the V. Static training of floricanes and primocanes to opposite sides of a V trellis prevents neither harvest difficulty, nor primocane injury during harvest. In 1988-89 harvest difficulties were reduced by bloom-time shifting of floricanes on a V-trellis. Over 90% of fruiting shoots were oriented to the trellis ' exterior, but primocane shading and early leaf abscission continued. The 'bent fence' trellis was designed and tested in 1989. It shifts floricanes from horizontal orientation to an upright position on one side of a V-shaped trellis, thus retaining outward display of fruiting shoots and achieving unobstructed display of primocanes on the opposite side. Harvest efficiency, disease reduction, accurate deposition of pesticides, avoidance of solar injury (sun scald), and adaptation of mechanical pest control procedures are potentiated by this system. It also reduces impediments to studies of carbohydrate partitioning, photosynthetic efficiency, yield efficiency, and intraplant competition.

scholarly journals Performance of Nine Apple Cultivars Grown with Six Fungicide Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 675e-675
Author(s):  
Richard Marini ◽  
John Barden ◽  
Donald Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Sooty Blotch ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Early Leaf Abscission

In 1993 a factorial experiment, involving nine apple cultivars on M.9 root-stock and six fungicide regimes, was established. The cultivars included `Delicious', `Golden Delicious', `York Imperial', `Redfree', `Freedom', `Liberty', NY 74828-12, NY 73334-35, and NY 74840-1. The fungicide treatments included earlyseason sprays of Bayleton or Dodine, separately or combined, and late-season sprays of Captan plus Benomyl alone or combined with early-season sprays of Bayleton plus Dodine. Non-sprayed trees served as a control. In 1995 leaves and fruits were evaluated for disease symptoms. Leaf spot (symptoms caused by black rot or alternaria leaf blotch) was most severe on `Redfree' and NY 73334-35, and least severe on `Delicious', `Golden Delicious', and `York'. By late summer NY 74828-12 had the most leaf abscission, whereas NY 74840-1, `Liberty', and `Delicious' lost the fewest leaves. Early-season fungicide sprays did not reduce early leaf abscission. Sooty blotch and fly speck, but not rots, were nearly eliminated by late-season applications of Captan plus Benomyl. Averaged over all fungicide treatments, more than half of the fruits from `Delicious', `Redfree', and NY 74828-12 were free of disease symptoms. Cultivars with <25% of the fruits without infection included `York', `Liberty', NY 74840-1 and NY 73334-35. `York' and `Redfree' had >25% of the fruits with rots, while all other cultivars had <9% fruits with rots. `Delicious' and NY 73334-35 had the fewest rotten fruits. Rots were not controlled by any fungicide treatment. `Liberty' and NY 73334-35 had the most flyspeck and `Redfree' had the least. `Liberty', NY 74840-1 and NY 73334-35 had the most sooty blotch and `Redfree' and NY 74828-12 had the least.

Commodity Heating Medium and Mexican Fruit Fly Mortality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 533e-533
Author(s):  
Krista C. Shellie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Heating Medium

The objective of this research was to investigate whether the medium used to transfer heat to a commodity influenced the mortality of Mexican fruit fly larvae. A similar 2-h heat dose was delivered to grapefruit via immersion in a variable temperature water bath or via exposure to a rapidly circulating gas. The concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the grapefruit was analyzed at 30-min intervals and grapefruit center temperatures recorded every 60 s during heating. The mortality of larvae located inside grapefruit during heating in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water was significantly higher than that of larvae located inside grapefruit heated in air. The internal atmosphere of grapefruit heated in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water contained significantly higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower levels of oxygen than grapefruit heated in air. Larval mortality was compared after larvae were heated in media by rapidly circulating air or by an atmosphere containing 4 kPa of oxygen and 18 kPa of carbon dioxide to evaluate whether the altered atmosphere or a heat-induced fruit metabolite was responsible for enhanced mortality. The significantly higher mortality of larvae heated in media in the presence of an altered atmosphere suggested that the altered atmosphere enhanced larval mortality. Results from this research suggest that reducing oxygen and or increasing the level of carbon dioxide during heating can enhance mortality of the Mexican fruit fly and potentially reduce the heat dose required for quarantine security.

Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (33) ◽  
pp. 4092-4111
Author(s):  
Mikael A. de Souza ◽  
Larissa da Silva ◽  
Maria A. C. dos Santos ◽  
Márcia J. F. Macêdo ◽  
Luiz J. Lacerda-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Natural Insecticides ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
Meta Analyses

The Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses, which compromise public health. In the search for synthetic product alternatives, essential oils (OEs) have been highlighted by many researchers as natural insecticides. This systematic review (SR) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and its objective was to evaluate studies addressing OEs with larvicidal properties against Ae. aegypti, through electronic database searches (Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo), covering an overview of the plant sources OEs, which plant parts were used, the extraction methods, analytical techniques, major and/or secondary constituents with greater percentages, as well as the LC50s responsible for larval mortality. Following study analysis, plants distributed across 32 families, 90 genera and 175 species were identified. The Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae families obtained the highest number of species with toxic properties against larvae from this vector. Practically all plant parts were found to be used for OE extraction. Hydrodistillation and steam distillation were the main extraction methods identified, with GC-MS/GC-FID representing the main analytical techniques used to reveal their chemical composition, especially of terpene compounds. In this context, OEs are promising alternatives for the investigation of natural, ecologically correct and biodegradable insecticides with the potential to be used in Ae. aegypti control programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of indigenous the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in combination with chlorantraniliprole against Spodoptera species

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Naeem Arshad Maan ◽  
Muhammad Ahsin Ayub ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
Mubasher Ahmad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
High Larval Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background The armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and S. litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are polyphagous pests of many cash crops. Heavy crop losses have been reported for the fruit and vegetable crops each year owing to the diverse impact on global economies. The present study was aimed to sort out a novel method of pest control using the insect’s own nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) alone and in combination with a new chemistry insecticide chlorantraniliprole. Results In the study, the effect of indigenous isolated nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and the chemical insecticide (chlorantraniliprole) formulations against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of S. litura and S. exigua, collected from the different geographical region of Punjab (Pakistan) province, was evaluated. Three concentrations of the NPV isolate, sub-lethal (1 × 104, 6 × 104 POB ml−1), lethal (3 × 105 POB ml−1), and chlorantraniliprole 0.01 μl l−1, were applied alone and in combination against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of both pest species. The lethal concentration of NPV + chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic interaction and caused high larval mortality against both instars, while in all other combinations, additive effect was observed. Moreover, NPV + chlorantraniliprole at lethal concentration exhibited decreased pupation, adult emergence, and egg eclosion. Conclusion The implications of using NPV alone and in combination with an insecticide are discussed briefly in this study.

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