Suitability of Various Artificial Pupation Chambers for Use by Koinobiont Parasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Henderson ◽  
Indira Kuriachan ◽  
S. Bradleigh Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps

Characterization of a cDNA encoding a putative chitinase from teratocytes of the endoparasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando L. Cônsoli ◽  
Danielle Lewis ◽  
Larry Keeley ◽  
S. Bradleigh Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps

Beyond host specificity: the biotechnological exploitation of chitolectin from teratocytes of Toxoneuron nigriceps to control non-permissive hosts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Laís Merlin ◽  
Lilian Ellen Pino ◽  
Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽  
Fábio Prataviera ◽  
Edwin Moises Marcos Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps

scholarly journals Expression of a Toxoneuron nigriceps polydnavirus-encoded protein causes apoptosis-like programmed cell death in lepidopteran insect cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Lapointe ◽  
Rebecca Wilson ◽  
Lluïsa Vilaplana ◽  
David R. O'Reilly ◽  
Patrizia Falabella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Parental Virus ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
High Five Cells ◽  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps

The polydnavirus Toxoneuron nigriceps bracovirus (TnBV) is an obligate symbiont associated with the braconid wasp T. nigriceps, a parasitoid of Heliothis virescens larvae. Previously, to identify polydnavirus genes that allow parasitization by altering the host immune and endocrine systems, expression patterns of TnBV genes from parasitized H. virescens larvae were analysed and cDNAs were obtained. To study the function of the protein from one such cDNA, TnBV1, overexpression of the protein was attempted by using the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. Recovery of stable recombinant virus was unsuccessful, with the exception of recombinants with deletions/mutations within the TnBV1 gene. It was hypothesized that TnBV1 expression was cytotoxic to the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) insect cells that were used to produce the recombinants. Therefore, the Bac-to-Bac system was used to create recombinant baculoviruses maintained in Escherichia coli expressing either TnBV1 (Ac-TnBV1) or an initiator-methionine mutant [Ac-TnBV1(ATG−)]. Microscopy revealed substantial cell death of Sf21 and High Five cells from 48 h post-infection with Ac-TnBV1, but not with the Ac-TnBV1(ATG−) recombinant virus. Ac-TnBV1-infected Sf21 cells, but not those with parental virus infection, showed an increased caspase-3-like protease activity, as well as increased terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) for breaks in host genomic DNA. Although indicative of apoptosis, blebbing and apoptotic bodies were not observed in infected cells. Transiently expressing TnBV1 alone caused TUNEL staining in High Five cells. These data suggest that TnBV1 expression alone can induce apoptosis-like programmed cell death in two insect cell lines. Injection of Ac-TnBV1 budded virus, compared with parental virus, did not result in an alteration of virulence in H. virescens larvae.

scholarly journals Role of Ovarian Proteins Secreted by Toxoneuron nigriceps (Viereck) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in the Early Suppression of Host Immune Response

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Rosanna Salvia ◽  
Carmen Scieuzo ◽  
Annalisa Grimaldi ◽  
Paolo Fanti ◽  
Antonio Moretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps

Toxoneuron nigriceps (Viereck) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is an endophagous parasitoid of the larval stages of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). During oviposition, T. nigriceps injects into the host body, along with the egg, the venom, the calyx fluid, which contains a Polydnavirus (T. nigriceps BracoVirus: TnBV), and the Ovarian Proteins (OPs). Although viral gene expression in the host reaches detectable levels after a few hours, a precocious disruption of the host metabolism and immune system is observed right after parasitization. This alteration appears to be induced by female secretions including TnBV venom and OPs. OPs, originating from the ovarian calyx cells, are involved in the induction of precocious symptoms in the host immune system alteration. It is known that OPs in braconid and ichneumonid wasps can interfere with the cellular immune response before Polydnavirus infects and expresses its genes in the host tissues. Here we show that T. nigriceps OPs induce several alterations on host haemocytes that trigger cell death. The OP injection induces an extensive oxidative stress and a disorganization of actin cytoskeleton and these alterations can explain the high-level of haemocyte mortality, the loss of haemocyte functionality, and so the reduction in encapsulation ability by the host.

Juvenile hormone synthesis, metabolism, and resulting haemolymph titre in Heliothis virescens larvae parasitized by Toxoneuron nigriceps

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Li ◽  
Patrizia Falabella ◽  
Indira Kuriachan ◽  
S.Bradleigh Vinson ◽  
David W Borst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps

Toxoneuron nigriceps parasitization delays midgut replacement in fifth-instar Heliothis virescens larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 332 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Tettamanti ◽  
Annalisa Grimaldi ◽  
Francesco Pennacchio ◽  
Magda de Eguileor
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps

Comparison of Searching Behavior of Parasitoid, Toxoneuron nigriceps Vierick, for Three Tobacco Herbivores

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glynn Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Searching Behavior ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Host searching behavior of females of the endoparasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps Vierick (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was observed in the field for three tobacco herbivores, Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). The only developmentally suitable host for the parasitoid was H. virescens. Hovering, searching, and oviposition (for plants with herbivores) by T. nigriceps were observed for a combination of two plant types, plants with only herbivore-induced plant volatiles or damaged plants with herbivores, and three insect species. The six treatments were as follows: (1) plants with only H. virescens-induced plant volatiles, (2) plants with only H. zea-induced plant volatiles, (3) plants with only M. sexta-induced plant volatiles, (4) plants damaged by H. virescens, (5) plants damaged by H. zea, and (6) plants damaged by M. sexta. Parasitoid females readily hovered around and searched on plants of both types. However, females spent more time foraging for H. virescens than for the nonhosts, H. zea and M. sexta. For plants with only herbivore-induced plant volatiles, T. nigriceps females spent more time searching on H. virescens plants than on H. zea and M. sexta plants. For damaged plants, parasitoid females visited more H. virescens plants than M. sexta plants and spent more time searching for H. virescens larvae than for M. sexta and H. zea larvae. Even though T. nigriceps females laid eggs in M. sexta and H. zea larvae, oviposition was higher for H. virescens than for the nonhosts. In conclusion, T. nigriceps females utilized more of their energy searching for and parasitizing H. virescens over the nonhosts on tobacco.

Toxoneuron nigriceps polydnavirus encodes a putative aspartyl protease highly expressed in parasitized host larvae

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Falabella ◽  
Paola Varricchio ◽  
Silvia Gigliotti ◽  
Antonio Tranfaglia ◽  
Francesco Pennacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartyl Protease ◽  
Toxoneuron Nigriceps
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