Exemplar Abstract for Ruminococcus albus Hungate 1957 (Approved Lists 1980).

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Dorothea Taylor ◽  
George M Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Ruminococcus Albus

scholarly journals Phenylacetic and Phenylpropionic Acids Do Not Affect Xylan Degradation by Ruminococcus albus

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6954-6958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Reveneau ◽  
Sarah E. Adams ◽  
M. A. Cotta ◽  
M. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Xylan Degradation ◽  
Multiple Strains

ABSTRACT Since the addition of either ruminal fluid or a combination of phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids (PAA/PPA) has previously been shown to dramatically improve cellulose degradation and growth of Ruminococcus albus, it was of interest to determine the effects of these additives on xylan-grown cultures. Although cell-bound xylanase activity increased when either PAA/PPA or ruminal fluid was added to the growth medium, total xylanase did not change, and neither of these supplements affected the growth or xylan-degrading capacity of R. albus 8. Similarly, neither PAA/PPA nor ruminal fluid affected xylan degradation by multiple strains of R. albus when xylan prepared from oat spelts was used as a carbohydrate source. These results show that the xylanolytic potential of R. albus is not conditional on the availability of PAA/PPA or other components of ruminal fluid.

Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility and extrachromosomal DNA content of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Champion ◽  
Carla T. Helaszek ◽  
Bryan A. White
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Extrachromosomal Dna ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reported Data

Seventeen Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens strains have been screened for naturally occurring antibiotic resistance, as determined by zones of inhibition from antibiotic disks. These strains were also examined for extrachromosomal DNA content. All strains screened are resistant to low levels (10–200 μg/mL) of streptomycin. In contrast to the previously reported data, we have found that R. flavefaciens C-94 is now susceptible to both kanamycin and tetracycline. However, R. flavefaciens FD-1 is not susceptible to kanamycin (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 40 μg/mL). Furthermore, R. albus 8 is resistant to tetracycline (MIC = 40 μg/mL), and erythromycin (MIC = 100 μg/mL). Six freshly isolated strains showed resistance to tetracycline (35–70 μg/mL), and all tetracycline-resistant strains also showed resistance to minocycline. None of these Ruminococcus determinants share homology with the streptococcal tetL, tetM, or tetN determinants. All 17 strains were screened for extrachromosomal DNA content. Nine different techniques for the detection and isolation of extrachromosomal DNA were tested. However, owing to difficulties in demonstrating or isolating plasmid DNA, it has not been possible to determine if these antibiotic resistance genes are plasmid borne. Evidence is presented to suggest that the presence of oxygen may affect the quality of the DNA obtained from Ruminococcus.

Effects of theFusariumspp. mycotoxins fusaric acid and deoxynivalenol on the growth ofRuminococcus albusandMethanobrevibacter ruminantium

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold D May ◽  
Qingzhong Wu ◽  
Cheryl K Blake
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Methanobrevibacter Ruminantium ◽  
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Common

The Fusarium spp. mycotoxins fusaric acid and deoxynivalenol (DON) were tested for antimicrobial activity against Ruminococcus albus and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. The growth of both organisms was inhibited by fusaric acid as low as 15 µg/mL (84 µM) but not by DON, at levels as high as 100 µg/mL (338 µM). No synergistic inhibitory effect was observed with DON plus fusaric acid. Neither organism was able to adapt to the fusaric acid and responses of each organism to the compound were different. The optical density (OD) maximum for R. albus, but not for M. ruminantium, was diminished after 28 days incubation at concentrations of fusaric acid below 240 µg/mL. Inhibition of R. albus started before significant growth had occurred, while M. ruminantium doubled twice before the onset of inhibition. Responses to picolinic acid, an analog of fusaric acid, were also dramatically different between the two microorganisms with M. ruminantium exhibiting a severe lag followed by a complete recovery of growth, while R. albus was only slightly inhibited with no lag. These results suggest that the mechanism of fusaric acid inhibition is specific to each microorganism. This is the first demonstration of the common mycotoxin fusaric acid inhibiting the growth of rumen bacteria.Key words: mycotoxins, fusaric acid, deoxynivalenol, Ruminococcus albus, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium.

Wood adhesives prepared from lucerne fiber fermentation residues of Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium thermocellum

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Weimer ◽  
R. G. Koegel ◽  
L. F. Lorenz ◽  
C. R. Frihart ◽  
W. R. Kenealy
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Thermocellum ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Wood Adhesives ◽  
Fiber Fermentation
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