Structural Abnormalities of the Central Auditory Pathway in Infants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank F. Yang ◽  
Bradley McPherson ◽  
Huang Shu ◽  
Na Xie ◽  
Kui Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Central Auditory Pathway ◽  
Mri Measurements

Objective To investigate possible structural abnormalities of the central auditory pathway in infants with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). Participants Twenty-seven Chinese infants with NSCL/P, aged from 6 to 24 months. Intervention Morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the central auditory nervous system (CANS) in infants with NSCL/P were analyzed and compared with those of age- and sex-matched normal controls. Results No significant group differences were found in general brain measurements, including volumes of the brain stem and right hemisphere. However, infants with NSCL/P had statistically significantly smaller volumes of the left thalamus and left auditory cortex and notably decreased thickness of the left auditory cortex. Conclusion Cortical abnormalities were more marked compared with other MRI measurements. Structural CANS abnormalities in infants with NSCL/P may be located mainly in the left cerebral hemisphere. The development and maturation of the auditory cortex in infants with NSCL/P may be abnormal when compared with those of normal children.

Central hyperacusis with phonophobia in multiple sclerosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Weber ◽  
K Pfadenhauer ◽  
M Stöhr ◽  
A Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Directional Hearing ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Brainstem Lesion ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Central Auditory Pathway

Hearing disorders are a well-described symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Unilateral or bilateral hyperacusis or deafness in patients with normal sound audiometry is often attributed to demyelinating lesions in the central auditory pathway. Less known in MS is a central phonophobia, whereby acoustic stimuli provoke unpleasant and painful paresthesia and lead to the corresponding avoidance behaviour. In our comparison collective, patient 1 described acute shooting pain attacks in his right cheek, each time set off by the ringing of the telephone. Patient 2 complained of intensified, unbearable noise sensations when hearing nonlanguage acoustic stimuli. Patient 3 noticed hearing unpleasant echoes and disorders of the directional hearing. All patients had a clinical brainstem syndrome. ENT inspection, sound audiometry and stapedius reflex were normal. All three patients had pathologically changed auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) with indications of a brainstem lesion, and in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demyelinating lesions in the ipsilateral pons and in the central auditory pathway. The origin we presume in case 1 is an abnormal impulse conduction from the leminiscus lateralis to the central trigeminus pathway and, in the other cases, a disturbance in the central sensory modulation. All patients developed in the further course a clinically definite MS. Having excluded peripheral causes for a hyperacusis, such as, e.g., an idiopathic facial nerve palsy or myasthenia gravis, one should always consider the possibility of MS in a case of central phonophobia. Therapeutic possibilities include the giving of serotonin reuptake inhibitors or acoustic lenses for clearly definable disturbing frequencies.

Diffusion tensor imaging and MR morphometry of the central auditory pathway and auditory cortex in aging

Neuroscience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Profant ◽  
A. Škoch ◽  
Z. Balogová ◽  
J. Tintěra ◽  
J. Hlinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Central Auditory Pathway

Hearing Loss of a Central Type Secondary to Anoxic Anoxia

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Makishima ◽  
Roger B. Katz ◽  
James B. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Threshold Sensitivity ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Central Auditory Pathway ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

The effect of anoxic anoxia on the threshold sensitivity and amplitude of the responses from the auditory cortex, inferior colliculus and cochlea to acoustic stimuli in guinea pigs was studied. Decay of the amplitude of the responses from the auditory cortex and the inferior colliculus occurs faster and is more severe than that of the cochlea. Recovery of the amplitude of the responses is slower at the auditory cortex and the inferior colliculus than at the cochlea. Loss of auditory threshold sensitivity in anoxic anoxia is most prominent at the auditory cortex. The loss of sensitivity at the inferior colliculus is the next most severe. The loss of sensitivity at the cochlea is negligible. The relative vulnerability of the central auditory pathway to anoxic anoxia as compared to the end organ is demonstrated.

Neural Mechanisms of Music and Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 906-952
Author(s):  
Mattson Ogg ◽  
L. Robert Slevc
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Speaker Identification ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Cortical Regions

Music and language are uniquely human forms of communication. What neural structures facilitate these abilities? This chapter conducts a review of music and language processing that follows these acoustic signals as they ascend the auditory pathway from the brainstem to auditory cortex and on to more specialized cortical regions. Acoustic, neural, and cognitive mechanisms are identified where processing demands from both domains might overlap, with an eye to examples of experience-dependent cortical plasticity, which are taken as strong evidence for common neural substrates. Following an introduction describing how understanding musical processing informs linguistic or auditory processing more generally, findings regarding the major components (and parallels) of music and language research are reviewed: pitch perception, syntax and harmonic structural processing, semantics, timbre and speaker identification, attending in auditory scenes, and rhythm. Overall, the strongest evidence that currently exists for neural overlap (and cross-domain, experience-dependent plasticity) is in the brainstem, followed by auditory cortex, with evidence and the potential for overlap becoming less apparent as the mechanisms involved in music and speech perception become more specialized and distinct at higher levels of processing.

scholarly journals Role of Transperineal Ultrasound (TPUS) in Children with Ambiguous Genitalia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krithika Rangarajan ◽  
Manisha Jana ◽  
Nagesh Wadgera ◽  
Arun Kumar Gupta ◽  
Minu Bajpai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Ambiguous Genitalia ◽  
Transperineal Ultrasound ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Genital Ambiguity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Objectives Accurate delineation of anatomy in children with ambiguous genitalia early in life is important. This commonly involves conventional fluoroscopic genitogram (traumatic to the child) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination (involves sedation). In this study, our objectives were twofold: (1) to describe the findings on transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in normal children and (2) to describe the findings on TPUS in children with ambiguous genitalia and correlate them with conventional genitogram. Materials and Methods TPUS was prospectively performed in 10 children without genital ambiguity (5 girls and 5 boys). Subsequently, 15 consecutive children having disorders of sex differentiation (DSDs) with genital ambiguity underwent TPUS. The presence or absence of müllerian structures was documented. Of these patients, 14 also underwent conventional genitogram as a part of routine evaluation. The gold standard was established either by comparison with surgical findings (in patients who underwent surgery) or by comparison with a combination of findings on genitogram and transabdominal ultrasound in patients who did not undergo surgery. Results In all normal children, lower urogenital tracts could be clearly delineated on TPUS. Out of the 15 children with ambiguous genitalia, TPUS could establish the presence/absence of müllerian structures in 14. This was concordant with findings on conventional genitogram/surgery. In one patient, müllerian structure was missed on TPUS but demonstrated on genitogram. In two children, TPUS showed the müllerian structure, which was not seen on genitogram. When both the controls and the cases were combined, TPUS had an accuracy of 95% and specificity of 100% in the detection of müllerian structures. Conclusion TPUS is feasible and accurate in demonstration of lower urogenital tract anatomy in children with DSDs having ambiguous genitalia. It can be performed without sedation, and is suitable for use as a screening modality in children with ambiguous genitalia.

scholarly journals Quantifying nerve decussation abnormalities in the optic chiasm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Puzniak ◽  
Khazar Ahmadi ◽  
Jörn Kaufmann ◽  
Andre Gouws ◽  
Antony B. Morland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
List Type ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

AbstractObjectiveThe human optic chiasm comprises partially crossing optic nerve fibres. Here we used diffusion MRI (dMRI) for the in-vivo identification of the abnormally high proportion of crossing fibres found in the optic chiasm of people with albinism.MethodsIn 9 individuals with albinism and 8 controls high-resolution 3T dMRI data was acquired and analyzed with a set of methods for signal modeling [Diffusion Tensor (DT) and Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD)], tractography, and streamline filtering (LiFE, COMMIT, and SIFT2). The number of crossing and non-crossing streamlines and their weights after filtering entered ROC-analyses to compare the discriminative power of the methods based on the area under the curve (AUC). The dMRI results were cross-validated with fMRI estimates of misrouting in a subset of 6 albinotic individuals.ResultsWe detected significant group differences in chiasmal crossing for both unfiltered DT (p=0.014) and CSD tractograms (p=0.0009) also reflected by AUC measures (for DT and CSD: 0.61 and 0.75, respectively), underlining the discriminative power of the approach. Estimates of crossing strengths obtained with dMRI and fMRI were significantly correlated for CSD (R2=0.83, p=0.012). The results show that streamline filtering methods in combination with probabilistic tracking, both optimized for the data at hand, can improve the detection of crossing in the human optic chiasm.ConclusionsEspecially CSD-based tractography provides an efficient approach to detect structural abnormalities in the optic chiasm. The most realistic results were obtained with filtering methods with parameters optimized for the data at hand.SignificanceOur findings demonstrate a novel anatomy-driven approach for the individualized diagnostics of optic chiasm abnormalities.HighlightsDiffusion MRI is capable of detecting structural abnormalities of the optic chiasm.Quantification of crossing strength in optic chiasm is of promise for albinism diagnostics.Optic chiasm is a powerful test model for neuroimaging methods resolving crossing fibers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document